Biology of Cancer-Testis Antigens and Their Therapeutic Implications in Cancer

Tumour-specific antigens have been an area of interest in cancer therapy since their discovery in the middle of the 20th century. In the era of immune-based cancer therapeutics, redirecting our immune cells to target these tumour-specific antigens has become even more relevant. Cancer-testis antigen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-03, Vol.12 (6), p.926
Main Authors: Nin, Dawn Sijin, Deng, Lih-Wen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Antigens, Neoplasm - metabolism
Biology
Cancer
cancer-testis antigens
Carcinogenesis - metabolism
Care and treatment
Clinical trials
CT antigens
Gene regulation
Genes
Genotype & phenotype
Health aspects
Humans
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Insects
Ligands
Male
Melanoma
Methods
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - therapy
Phenotypes
Proteins
Review
Spermatogenesis
Testis
Testis - metabolism
Therapeutic targets
Tumor antigens
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
X chromosomes
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Summary:Tumour-specific antigens have been an area of interest in cancer therapy since their discovery in the middle of the 20th century. In the era of immune-based cancer therapeutics, redirecting our immune cells to target these tumour-specific antigens has become even more relevant. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a class of antigens with an expression specific to the testis and cancer cells. CTAs have also been demonstrated to be expressed in a wide variety of cancers. Due to their frequency and specificity of expression in a multitude of cancers, CTAs have been particularly attractive as cancer-specific therapeutic targets. There is now a rapid expansion of CTAs being identified and many studies have been conducted to correlate CTA expression with cancer and therapy-resistant phenotypes. Furthermore, there is an increasing number of clinical trials involving using some of these CTAs as molecular targets in pharmacological and immune-targeted therapeutics for various cancers. This review will summarise the current knowledge of the biology of known CTAs in tumorigenesis and the regulation of genes. CTAs as molecular targets and the therapeutic implications of these CTA-targeted anticancer strategies will also be discussed.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells12060926