O -GlcNAcylation: The Underestimated Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Physiology

-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. -GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs as an intracellular integrator similar to the nutrien...

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Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-05, Vol.11 (11), p.1789
Main Authors: Liu, Yang, Hu, Ya-Jie, Fan, Wen-Xuan, Quan, Xin, Xu, Bin, Li, Shi-Ze
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Diabetes
Diabetes Complications - metabolism
Diabetes mellitus
Gene expression
Glycosylation
Homeostasis
Humans
Hypotheses
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Kinases
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Muscle Contraction
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Musculoskeletal system
Neurodegeneration
Nutrient deficiency
O-GlcNAc
O-GlcNAcylation
Phosphatase
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Proteins
Review
Reviews
sarcomere contraction and structure
Signal transduction
Skeletal muscle
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Summary:-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. -GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs as an intracellular integrator similar to the nutrient sensor and stress receptor, which target multiple substrates with spatio-temporal analysis specifically to maintain cellular homeostasis and normal physiological functions. Our review gives a brief description of -GlcNAcylation and its only two processing enzymes and HBP flux, which will help to better understand its physiological characteristics of sensing nutrition and environmental cues. This nutritional and stress-sensitive properties of -GlcNAcylation allow it to participate in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. This review discusses the mechanism of -GlcNAcylation to alleviate metabolic disorders and the controversy about the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. The level of global -GlcNAcylation is precisely controlled and maintained in the "optimal zone", and its abnormal changes is a potential factor in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes and diabetic complications. Although the essential role of -GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle physiology has been widely studied and recognized, it still is underestimated and overlooked. This review highlights the latest progress and potential mechanisms of -GlcNAcylation in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and structural properties.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells11111789