Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications

Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mediators of inflammation 2021-08, Vol.2021, p.5110276-12
Main Authors: Zhang, Lili, Chu, Jinjin, Hao, Wenhao, Zhang, Jiaojiao, Li, Haibo, Yang, Chunjuan, Yang, Jinghan, Chen, Xiaohua, Wang, Honggang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Branched chain amino acids
Deoxycholic acid
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Disease
Esters
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Volatile
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Fecal microflora
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Glucose
Humans
Imidazole
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Intestinal microflora
Lipopolysaccharides
Metabolic disorders
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Pathogenesis
Physiological aspects
Prevention
Probiotics
Probiotics - therapeutic use
Propionic acid
Review
Translation
Transplantation
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.
ISSN:0962-9351
1466-1861
DOI:10.1155/2021/5110276