Hypoxia Pathway Proteins As Central Mediators of Metabolism in the Tumor Cells and Their Microenvironment

Low oxygen tension or hypoxia is a determining factor in the course of many different processes in animals, including when tissue expansion and cellular metabolism result in high oxygen demands that exceed its supply. This is mainly happening when cells actively proliferate and the proliferating mas...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2018-01, Vol.9, p.40
Main Authors: Sormendi, Sundary, Wielockx, Ben
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cell Proliferation - physiology
glycolysis
Glycolysis - physiology
Humans
hypoxia
hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases - metabolism
immunity
Immunology
lactate
Macrophages - immunology
Neoplasms - pathology
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxygen - metabolism
oxygen sensors
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Tumor Hypoxia - physiology
Tumor Microenvironment - physiology
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Summary:Low oxygen tension or hypoxia is a determining factor in the course of many different processes in animals, including when tissue expansion and cellular metabolism result in high oxygen demands that exceed its supply. This is mainly happening when cells actively proliferate and the proliferating mass becomes distant from the blood vessels, such as in growing tumors. Metabolic alterations in response to hypoxia can be triggered in a direct manner, such as the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis or inhibition of fatty acid desaturation. However, as the modulated action of hypoxia-inducible factors or the oxygen sensors (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes) can also lead to changes in enzyme expression, these metabolic changes can also be indirect. With this review, we want to summarize our current knowledge of the hypoxia-induced changes in metabolism during cancer development, how they are affected in the tumor cells and in the cells of the microenvironment, most prominently in immune cells.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00040