Workplace interventions to improve work ability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of their effectiveness

• Published in: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health Environment ＆ Health, 2018-03, Vol.44 (2), p.134-146
• Main Authors: Oakman, Jodi, Neupane, Subas, Proper, Karin I, Kinsman, Natasha, Nygård, Clas-Håkan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ageing; Aging; Back pain; Clinical trials; Confidence intervals; Early retirement; Employees; Employment; Evaluation; grade; Health promotion; Heterogeneity; Intervention; Meta-analysis; Multilevel; Public health; Quality; Quality assessment; Review; Supervisors; sustainable employment; Systematic review; wai; work ability; work ability index; work ability score; Work environment; workplace intervention
• ISSN: 0355-3140; 1795-990X
• DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3685

Objective: Extended working lives due to an ageing population will necessitate the maintenance of work ability across the life course. This systematic review aimed to analyze whether workplace interventions positively impact work ability. Methods: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Embase databases using relevant terms. Work-based interventions were those focused on individuals, the workplace, or multilevel (combination). Work ability - measured using the work ability index (WAI) or the single-item work ability score (WAS) - was the outcome measure. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development ＆ Evaluation (GRADE) criteria was used to assess evidence quality, and impact statements were developed to synthesize the results. Meta-analysis was undertaken where appropriate. Results: We reviewed 17 randomized control trials (comprising 22 articles). Multilevel interventions (N=5) included changes to work arrangements and liaisons with supervisors, whilst individual-focused interventions (N=12) involved behavior change or exercise programs. We identified only evidence of a moderate quality for either individual or multilevel interventions aiming to improve work ability. The meta-analysis of 13 studies found a small positive significant effect for interventions on work ability [overall pooled mean 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03-0.21] with no heterogeneity for the effect size (Chi^2=11.28, P=0.51; I^2=0%). Conclusions: The meta-analysis showed a small positive effect, suggesting that workplace interventions might improve work ability. However, the quality of the evidence base was only moderate, precluding any firm conclusion. Further high quality studies are require to establish the role of interventions on work ability.