The Impact of Prolonged Inflammation on Wound Healing

The treatment of chronic wounds still challenges modern medicine because of these wounds' heterogenic pathophysiology. Processes such as inflammation, ischemia and bacterial infection play major roles in the progression of a chronic wound. In recent years, preclinical wound models have been use...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2022-04, Vol.10 (4), p.856
Main Authors: Holzer-Geissler, Judith C J, Schwingenschuh, Simon, Zacharias, Martin, Einsiedler, Johanna, Kainz, Sonja, Reisenegger, Peter, Holecek, Christian, Hofmann, Elisabeth, Wolff-Winiski, Barbara, Fahrngruber, Hermann, Birngruber, Thomas, Kamolz, Lars-Peter, Kotzbeck, Petra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Biopsy
Chronic infection
Erythema
Experiments
Gene expression
Hogs
Inflammation
Interleukin 6
Ischemia
Neutrophils
Pathogens
Patients
Physiology
prolonged inflammation
resiquimod R848
TLR7 protein
Toll-like receptors
Wound healing
wound model
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Summary:The treatment of chronic wounds still challenges modern medicine because of these wounds' heterogenic pathophysiology. Processes such as inflammation, ischemia and bacterial infection play major roles in the progression of a chronic wound. In recent years, preclinical wound models have been used to understand the underlying processes of chronic wound formation. However, the wound models used to investigate chronic wounds often lack translatability from preclinical models to patients, and often do not take exaggerated inflammation into consideration. Therefore, we aimed to investigate prolonged inflammation in a porcine wound model by using resiquimod, a TLR7 and TLR8 agonist. Pigs received full thickness excisional wounds, where resiquimod was applied daily for 6 days, and untreated wounds served as controls. Dressing change, visual documentation and wound scoring were performed daily. Biopsies were collected for histological as well as gene expression analysis. Resiquimod application on full thickness wounds induced a visible inflammation of wounds, resulting in delayed wound healing compared to non-treated control wounds. Gene expression analysis revealed high levels of IL6, MMP1 and CD68 expression after resiquimod application, and histological analysis showed increased immune cell infiltration. By using resiquimod, we were able to show that prolonged inflammation delayed wound healing, which is often observed in chronic wounds in patients. The model we used shows the importance of inflammation in wound healing and gives an insight into the progression of chronic wounds.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines10040856