The impact of different music genres on pain tolerance: emphasizing the significance of individual music genre preferences

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-09, Vol.14 (1), p.21798-11, Article 21798
• Main Authors: Van der Valk Bouman, Emy S., Becker, Antonia S., Schaap, Julian, Berghman, Michaël, Oude Groeniger, Joost, Van Groeningen, Merle, Vandenberg, Femke, Geensen, Roos, Jeekel, Johannes, Klimek, Markus
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 692/1807/410; 692/308/2778; 692/700/565/411; Adult; Analgesics; Chronic pain; Cold pressor test; Cold tolerance; Female; Genre; Healthy Volunteers; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Immunological tolerance; Male; Middle Aged; multidisciplinary; Music; Music genre; Music preference; Music Therapy - methods; Pain; Pain - physiopathology; Pain Management - methods; Pain Measurement; Pain perception; Pain Threshold; Pain tolerance; Preferences; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Young Adult
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72882-2

Music is a promising (adjunctive) treatment for both acute and chronic pain, reducing the need for pharmacological analgesics and their side effects. Yet, little is known about the effect of different types of music. Hence, we investigated the efficacy of five music genres (Urban, Electronic, Classical, Rock and Pop) on pain tolerance. In this parallel randomized experimental study, we conducted a cold pressor test in healthy volunteers ( n  = 548). The primary outcome was pain tolerance, measured in seconds. No objective (tolerance time) or subjective (pain intensity and unpleasantness) differences were found among the five genres. Multinomial logistic regression showed that overall genre preference positively influenced pain tolerance. In contrast, the music genres that participants thought would help for pain relief did not. Our study was the first to investigate pain tolerance at genre level and in the context of genre preference without self-selecting music. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that listening to a favored music genre has a significant positive influence on pain tolerance, irrespective of the kind of genre. Our results emphasize the importance of individual music (genre) preference when looking at the analgesic benefits of music. This should be considered when implementing music in the clinical setting.