The ascension of nanosponges as a drug delivery carrier: preparation, characterization, and applications

• Published in: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 2022-03, Vol.33 (3), p.28-21, Article 28
• Main Authors: Tiwari, Kartik, Bhattacharya, Sankha
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biodegradability; Biodegradable materials; Biodegradation; Biomaterials; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedical materials; Ceramics; Chemistry and Materials Science; Composites; Crosslinking; Cyclodextrins - chemistry; Delivery Systems; Drug carriers; Drug Carriers - chemistry; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Drug Delivery Systems - methods; Drug Liberation; Enzymes; Glass; Hydrophobicity; Immobilization; Materials Science; Natural Materials; Polymer Sciences; Polymers; Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering; Solubility; Surfaces and Interfaces; Thin Films; Toxicity; Void space
• ISSN: 0957-4530; 1573-4838; 1573-4838
• DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06652-9

Nanosponges are nanosized drug carriers with a three-dimensional structure created by crosslinking polymers. They have the advantage of being able to hold a wide range of drugs of various sizes. Nanosponges come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are distinguished by the research method used, the type of polymer used, and the type of drug they may contain. Nanosponges are superior to other delivery systems because they can provide a controlled drug release pattern with targeted drug delivery. The period of action, as well as the drug’s residence time, may be regulated. Since it is made of biodegradable materials, it has a low toxicity and is safe to use. The efficiency of drug encapsulation is determined by the size of the drug molecule and the amount of void space available. Cancer, enzyme and biocatalyst carrier, oxygen delivery, solubility enhancement, enzyme immobilization, and poison absorbent are some of the applications for nanosponges. The method of preparation, characterization, factors affecting nanosponge development, drug loading and release mechanism, recent developments in this area, and patents filed in the area of nanosponges are all highlighted in this study. Graphical abstract Highlights The nanosponges are nanostructures that can carry small drug molecules. These can be administered by multiple routes and have a variety of applications. Variety of drugs with hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics can be administered for the treatment of many diseases. They are porous in nature, crosslinked by the use of multiple polymers. Their internal portion is porous in nature and has voids, which has the capacity to hold drug molecules.