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Heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes sharing gene content with mammalian XX/XY are conserved in Madagascan chameleons of the genus Furcifer
Chameleons are well-known lizards with unique morphology and physiology, but their sex determination has remained poorly studied. Madagascan chameleons of the genus Furcifer have cytogenetically distinct Z and W sex chromosomes and occasionally Z 1 Z 1 Z 2 Z 2 /Z 1 Z 2 W multiple neo-sex chromosomes...
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| Published in: | Scientific reports 2024-02, Vol.14 (1), p.4898-4898, Article 4898 |
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| creator | Rovatsos, Michail Mazzoleni, Sofia Augstenová, Barbora Altmanová, Marie Velenský, Petr Glaw, Frank Sanchez, Antonio Kratochvíl, Lukáš |
| description | Chameleons are well-known lizards with unique morphology and physiology, but their sex determination has remained poorly studied. Madagascan chameleons of the genus
Furcifer
have cytogenetically distinct Z and W sex chromosomes and occasionally Z
1
Z
1
Z
2
Z
2
/Z
1
Z
2
W multiple neo-sex chromosomes. To identify the gene content of their sex chromosomes, we microdissected and sequenced the sex chromosomes of
F. oustaleti
(ZZ/ZW) and
F. pardalis
(Z
1
Z
1
Z
2
Z
2
/Z
1
Z
2
W). In addition, we sequenced the genomes of a male and a female of
F. lateralis
(ZZ/ZW) and
F. pardalis
and performed a comparative coverage analysis between the sexes. Despite the notable heteromorphy and distinctiveness in heterochromatin content, the Z and W sex chromosomes share approximately 90% of their gene content. This finding demonstrates poor correlation of the degree of differentiation of sex chromosomes at the cytogenetic and gene level. The test of homology based on the comparison of gene copy number variation revealed that female heterogamety with differentiated sex chromosomes remained stable in the genus
Furcifer
for at least 20 million years. These chameleons co-opted for the role of sex chromosomes the same genomic region as viviparous mammals, lacertids and geckos of the genus
Paroedura
, which makes these groups excellent model for studies of convergent and divergent evolution of sex chromosomes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-024-55431-9 |
| format | article |
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Furcifer
have cytogenetically distinct Z and W sex chromosomes and occasionally Z
1
Z
1
Z
2
Z
2
/Z
1
Z
2
W multiple neo-sex chromosomes. To identify the gene content of their sex chromosomes, we microdissected and sequenced the sex chromosomes of
F. oustaleti
(ZZ/ZW) and
F. pardalis
(Z
1
Z
1
Z
2
Z
2
/Z
1
Z
2
W). In addition, we sequenced the genomes of a male and a female of
F. lateralis
(ZZ/ZW) and
F. pardalis
and performed a comparative coverage analysis between the sexes. Despite the notable heteromorphy and distinctiveness in heterochromatin content, the Z and W sex chromosomes share approximately 90% of their gene content. This finding demonstrates poor correlation of the degree of differentiation of sex chromosomes at the cytogenetic and gene level. The test of homology based on the comparison of gene copy number variation revealed that female heterogamety with differentiated sex chromosomes remained stable in the genus
Furcifer
for at least 20 million years. These chameleons co-opted for the role of sex chromosomes the same genomic region as viviparous mammals, lacertids and geckos of the genus
Paroedura
, which makes these groups excellent model for studies of convergent and divergent evolution of sex chromosomes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55431-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38418601</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/181/2474 ; 631/601/2721 ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chameleons ; Chromosomes ; Copy number ; Cytogenetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Furcifer ; Heterochromatin ; Homology ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Karyotypes ; Lizards ; Lizards - genetics ; Male ; Mammals ; Mammals - genetics ; Microdissection ; multidisciplinary ; qPCR ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Sex chromosomes ; Sex Chromosomes - genetics ; Sex determination ; Sex Determination Processes - genetics</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2024-02, Vol.14 (1), p.4898-4898, Article 4898</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-ff4009e4ae7ac80c240edbf19cd71e37fbdec26185d6e2476cb2734704bf7f183</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2932708872/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2932708872?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,883,25736,27907,27908,36995,36996,44573,53774,53776,74877</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38418601$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rovatsos, Michail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazzoleni, Sofia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Augstenová, Barbora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altmanová, Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velenský, Petr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaw, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kratochvíl, Lukáš</creatorcontrib><title>Heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes sharing gene content with mammalian XX/XY are conserved in Madagascan chameleons of the genus Furcifer</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Chameleons are well-known lizards with unique morphology and physiology, but their sex determination has remained poorly studied. Madagascan chameleons of the genus
Furcifer
have cytogenetically distinct Z and W sex chromosomes and occasionally Z
1
Z
1
Z
2
Z
2
/Z
1
Z
2
W multiple neo-sex chromosomes. To identify the gene content of their sex chromosomes, we microdissected and sequenced the sex chromosomes of
F. oustaleti
(ZZ/ZW) and
F. pardalis
(Z
1
Z
1
Z
2
Z
2
/Z
1
Z
2
W). In addition, we sequenced the genomes of a male and a female of
F. lateralis
(ZZ/ZW) and
F. pardalis
and performed a comparative coverage analysis between the sexes. Despite the notable heteromorphy and distinctiveness in heterochromatin content, the Z and W sex chromosomes share approximately 90% of their gene content. This finding demonstrates poor correlation of the degree of differentiation of sex chromosomes at the cytogenetic and gene level. The test of homology based on the comparison of gene copy number variation revealed that female heterogamety with differentiated sex chromosomes remained stable in the genus
Furcifer
for at least 20 million years. These chameleons co-opted for the role of sex chromosomes the same genomic region as viviparous mammals, lacertids and geckos of the genus
Paroedura
, which makes these groups excellent model for studies of convergent and divergent evolution of sex chromosomes.</description><subject>631/181/2474</subject><subject>631/601/2721</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Chameleons</subject><subject>Chromosomes</subject><subject>Copy number</subject><subject>Cytogenetics</subject><subject>DNA Copy Number Variations</subject><subject>Evolution, Molecular</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Furcifer</subject><subject>Heterochromatin</subject><subject>Homology</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Karyotypes</subject><subject>Lizards</subject><subject>Lizards - genetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Mammals - genetics</subject><subject>Microdissection</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>qPCR</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Sex chromosomes</subject><subject>Sex Chromosomes - 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genetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Mammals - genetics</topic><topic>Microdissection</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>qPCR</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Sex chromosomes</topic><topic>Sex Chromosomes - genetics</topic><topic>Sex determination</topic><topic>Sex Determination Processes - genetics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rovatsos, Michail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazzoleni, Sofia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Augstenová, Barbora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altmanová, Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velenský, Petr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaw, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kratochvíl, Lukáš</creatorcontrib><collection>SpringerOpen</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest - 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Madagascan chameleons of the genus
Furcifer
have cytogenetically distinct Z and W sex chromosomes and occasionally Z
1
Z
1
Z
2
Z
2
/Z
1
Z
2
W multiple neo-sex chromosomes. To identify the gene content of their sex chromosomes, we microdissected and sequenced the sex chromosomes of
F. oustaleti
(ZZ/ZW) and
F. pardalis
(Z
1
Z
1
Z
2
Z
2
/Z
1
Z
2
W). In addition, we sequenced the genomes of a male and a female of
F. lateralis
(ZZ/ZW) and
F. pardalis
and performed a comparative coverage analysis between the sexes. Despite the notable heteromorphy and distinctiveness in heterochromatin content, the Z and W sex chromosomes share approximately 90% of their gene content. This finding demonstrates poor correlation of the degree of differentiation of sex chromosomes at the cytogenetic and gene level. The test of homology based on the comparison of gene copy number variation revealed that female heterogamety with differentiated sex chromosomes remained stable in the genus
Furcifer
for at least 20 million years. These chameleons co-opted for the role of sex chromosomes the same genomic region as viviparous mammals, lacertids and geckos of the genus
Paroedura
, which makes these groups excellent model for studies of convergent and divergent evolution of sex chromosomes.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>38418601</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-024-55431-9</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Scientific reports, 2024-02, Vol.14 (1), p.4898-4898, Article 4898 |
| issn | 2045-2322 2045-2322 |
| language | eng |
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| source | PubMed (Medline); Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database; Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access |
| subjects | 631/181/2474 631/601/2721 Animals Base Sequence Chameleons Chromosomes Copy number Cytogenetics DNA Copy Number Variations Evolution, Molecular Female Furcifer Heterochromatin Homology Humanities and Social Sciences Karyotypes Lizards Lizards - genetics Male Mammals Mammals - genetics Microdissection multidisciplinary qPCR Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sex chromosomes Sex Chromosomes - genetics Sex determination Sex Determination Processes - genetics |
| title | Heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes sharing gene content with mammalian XX/XY are conserved in Madagascan chameleons of the genus Furcifer |
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