A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Interleukin-40 as a Biomarker for Diagnosing Inflammatory Diseases

Interleukins are a group of proteins that have a wide range of complex functions and are believed to be involved in several diseases and conditions. In particular, interleukin-40 (IL-40) is a recently identified cytokine associated with B cells that was first introduced by Catalan et al. in 2017. Th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Autoimmune diseases 2024-03, Vol.2024, p.1-8
Main Author: Dabbagh-Gorjani, Feryal
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ankylosing spondylitis
Arthritis
B cells
Beta cells
Biomarkers
Bone marrow
Cells
Cytokines
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diagnosis
Disease
Experiments
Gene expression
Graves' disease
Hypotheses
Immunoglobulin A
Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases
Interleukins
Liver diseases
Lymphocytes
Lymphoma
Medical diagnosis
Microbiomes
Neutrophils
Proteins
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid factor
Sjogren's syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:Interleukins are a group of proteins that have a wide range of complex functions and are believed to be involved in several diseases and conditions. In particular, interleukin-40 (IL-40) is a recently identified cytokine associated with B cells that was first introduced by Catalan et al. in 2017. This cytokine has several roles in the body, including functioning in the formation of B cells in the bone marrow, IgA production, and expression in the intestinal microbiome. Moreover, IL-40 appears to be involved in numerous autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren’s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, type 2 diabetes, Graves’ disease, and hepatic cell carcinoma. Our understanding of this molecule is quite restricted due to its novelty. However, because of its inflammatory characteristics, there is a high probability that it contributes to a variety of inflammatory disease complications. The aim of the present review is to highlight all available data on the importance of assessing IL-40 levels in human diseases up to now, which could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for the onset or progression of numerous inflammatory diseases.
ISSN:2090-0422
2090-0430
2090-0430
DOI:10.1155/2024/3968767