Mpox Epidemiology and Risk Factors, Nigeria, 2022

• Published in: Emerging infectious diseases 2024-09, Vol.30 (9), p.1799-1808
• Main Authors: Ogoina, Dimie, Dalhat, Mahmmod Muazu, Denue, Ballah Akawu, Okowa, Mildred, Chika-Igwenyi, Nneka Marian, Oiwoh, Sebastine Oseghae, Tobin, Ekaete Alice, Yusuff, Hakeem Abiola, Ojimba, Anastacia Okwudili, Christian, Umenzekwe Chukwudi, Aremu, John-Tunde, Gomerep, Simji Samuel, Habila, Kambai Lalus, Awang, Sati Klein, Adekanmbi, Olukemi, Iroezindu, Michael, Onukak, Asukwo, Falodun, Olanrewaju, Sunday, Mogaji, Johnson, Simon Mafuka, Olaitan, Abimbola, Onyeaghala, Chizaram, Alasia, Datonye, Mmerem, Juliet, Unigwe, Uche, Kwaghe, Vivian, Adeiza, Mukhtar Abdulmajid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age groups; Care and treatment; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Cross-sectional studies; Diagnosis; Disease control; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Ethics; Evaluation; Female; Gay men; Health aspects; Health risk assessment; Herpes viruses; HIV; HIV (Viruses); HIV Infections - epidemiology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human monkeypox; Humans; Infant; Infections; Laboratories; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Middle Aged; Missing data; monkeypox virus; Mpox; Mpox (monkeypox) - epidemiology; Mpox (monkeypox) - virology; Mpox Epidemiology and Risk Factors, Nigeria, 2022; Nigeria - epidemiology; Outpatient care facilities; predictors; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Regression analysis; Risk Factors; Risk taking; Sex; Sex oriented businesses; Sexual Behavior; Sexually transmitted diseases; STD; varicella zoster virus; Young Adult; Zoonoses
• ISSN: 1080-6040; 1080-6059; 1080-6059
• DOI: 10.3201/eid3009.240135

To investigate epidemiology of and risk factors for laboratory-confirmed mpox during the 2022 outbreak in Nigeria, we enrolled 265 persons with suspected mpox. A total of 163 (61.5%) were confirmed to have mpox; 137 (84.0%) were adults, 112 (68.7%) male, 143 (87.7%) urban/semi-urban dwellers, 12 (7.4%) self-reported gay men, and 3 (1.8%) female sex workers. Significant risk factors for adults were sexual and nonsexual contact with persons who had mpox, as well as risky sexual behavior. For children, risk factors were close contact with an mpox-positive person and prior animal exposure. Odds of being mpox positive were higher for adults with HIV and lower for those co-infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV). No children were HIV-seropositive; odds of being mpox positive were higher for children with VZV infection. Our findings indicate mpox affects primarily adults in Nigeria, partially driven by sexual activity; childhood cases were driven by close contact, animal exposure, and VZV co-infection.