Chikungunya Virus Asian Lineage Infection in the Amazon Region Is Maintained by Asiatic and Caribbean-Introduced Variants

The simultaneous transmission of two lineages of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was discovered after the pathogen’s initial arrival in Brazil. In Oiapoque (Amapá state, north Brazil), the Asian lineage (CHIKV-Asian) was discovered, while in Bahia state, the East-Central-South-African lineage (CHIKV-E...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2022-06, Vol.14 (7), p.1445
Main Authors: de Oliveira Ribeiro, Geovani, Gill, Danielle Elise, do Socorro Foro Ramos, Endrya, Villanova, Fabiola, Soares D?Athaide Ribeiro, Edcelha, Monteiro, Fred Julio Costa, Morais, Vanessa S, Rego, Marlisson Octavio da S, Araújo, Emerson Luiz Lima, Pandey, Ramendra Pati, Raj, V. Samuel, Deng, Xutao, Delwart, Eric, da Costa, Antonio Charlys, Leal, Élcio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
amazon region
Causes of
chikungunya
Chikungunya fever
Chikungunya virus
Datasets
Dengue fever
Disease transmission
Distribution
Epidemics
Genomes
Identification and classification
metagenomics
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Software
Varieties
virome
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Summary:The simultaneous transmission of two lineages of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was discovered after the pathogen’s initial arrival in Brazil. In Oiapoque (Amapá state, north Brazil), the Asian lineage (CHIKV-Asian) was discovered, while in Bahia state, the East-Central-South-African lineage (CHIKV-ECSA) was discovered (northeast Brazil). Since then, the CHIKV-Asian lineage has been restricted to the Amazon region (mostly in the state of Amapá), whereas the ECSA lineage has expanded across the country. Despite the fact that the Asian lineage was already present in the Amazon region, the ECSA lineage brought from the northeast caused a large outbreak in the Amazonian state of Roraima (north Brazil) in 2017. Here, CHIKV spread in the Amazon region was studied by a Zika–Dengue–Chikungunya PCR assay in 824 serum samples collected between 2013 and 2016 from individuals with symptoms of viral infection in the Amapá state. We found 11 samples positive for CHIKV-Asian, and, from these samples, we were able to retrieve 10 full-length viral genomes. A comprehensive phylogenetic study revealed that nine CHIKV sequences came from a local transmission cluster related to Caribbean strains, whereas one sequence was related to sequences from the Philippines. These findings imply that CHIKV spread in different ways in Roraima and Amapá, despite the fact that both states had similar climatic circumstances and mosquito vector frequencies.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14071445