Volatiles Emission by Crotalaria   nitens after Insect Attack

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-11, Vol.26 (22), p.6941
• Main Authors: Prada, Fausto, Stashenko, Elena E, Martínez, Jairo René
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: aldoximes; Allelochemicals; Analytical methods; Animals; Butterflies & moths; Caryophyllene; Caterpillars; Crotalaria - metabolism; Crotalaria - parasitology; Crotalaria nitens; Divinylbenzene; Ecosystems; Emissions; Flowers & plants; herbivore-induced plant volatiles; Herbivores; Identification; Insect Repellents - analysis; Insect Repellents - metabolism; Insects; Larva; Leaves; Metabolites; Moths; Nerolidol; Organic compounds; Oviposition; Plant Leaves - metabolism; Plant Leaves - parasitology; Polydimethylsiloxane; purge & Solid phases; solid-phase microextraction; trap; Utetheisa ornatrix; VOCs; Volatile compounds; Volatile organic compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis; Volatile Organic Compounds - metabolism; Volatiles
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226941

Plants are known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds upon the damage of phytophagous insects. However, very little is known about the composition and temporal dynamics of volatiles released by wild plants of the genus (Fabaceae) attacked with the specialist lepidopteran caterpillar (Linnaeus) (Erebidae). In this work, the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) emitted by Kunth plants were isolated with solid phase micro-extraction and the conventional purge and trap technique, and their identification was carried out by GC/MS. The poly-dimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber showed higher affinity for the extraction of apolar compounds (e.g., -β-caryophyllene) compared to the Porapak™-Q adsorbent from the purge & trap method that extracted more polar compounds (e.g., -nerolidol and indole). The compounds emitted by were mainly green leaf volatile substances, terpenoids, aromatics, and aldoximes (isobutyraldoxime and 2-methylbutyraldoxime), whose maximum emission was six hours after the attack. The attack by caterpillars significantly increased the volatile compounds emission in the leaves compared to those subjected to mechanical damage. This result indicated that the caterpillar is responsible for generating a specific response in plants. It was demonstrated that HIPVs repelled conspecific moths from attacked plants and favored oviposition in those without damage. The results showed the importance of volatiles in plant-insect interactions, as well as the choice of appropriate extraction and analytical methods for their study.