Emerging Roles of Type-I Interferons in Neuroinflammation, Neurological Diseases, and Long-Haul COVID

Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines originally identified for their antiviral activity. IFN-α and IFN-β are both type I IFNs that have been used to treat neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Microglia, astrocytes, as well as neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-11, Vol.23 (22), p.14394
Main Authors: Tan, Ping-Heng, Ji, Jasmine, Hsing, Chung-Hsi, Tan, Radika, Ji, Ru-Rong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Analgesia
Antiviral activity
Astrocytes
Cognition
COVID-19
Dorsal root ganglia
Humans
IFN-α
IFN-β
Inflammation
Interferon
Interferon Type I
Interferon-alpha
Interferon-beta
Kinases
Long COVID
Microglia
Multiple sclerosis
Nervous System Diseases - drug therapy
neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
neurological disease
Neurological diseases
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons
Pain
Pain perception
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Review
Synaptic transmission
Viral infections
Viruses
α-Interferon
β-Interferon
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Summary:Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines originally identified for their antiviral activity. IFN-α and IFN-β are both type I IFNs that have been used to treat neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Microglia, astrocytes, as well as neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including spinal cord neurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons, express type I IFN receptors (IFNARs). Type I IFNs play an active role in regulating cognition, aging, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, by suppressing neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, IFN-α and IFN-β produced potent analgesia. In this article, we discuss the role of type I IFNs in cognition, neurodegenerative diseases, and pain with a focus on neuroinflammation and neuro-glial interactions and their effects on cognition, neurodegenerative diseases, and pain. The role of type I IFNs in long-haul COVID-associated neurological disorders is also discussed. Insights into type I IFN signaling in neurons and non-neuronal cells will improve our treatments of neurological disorders in various disease conditions.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms232214394