Apelin in Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Different Species: A Critical Review

Apelin has been isolated from the bovine stomach extracts as an endogenous ligand of the previously orphan receptor APJ. Expression of the apelinergic system (apelin and APJ) was described in many organs where pleiotropic effects like regulation of food intake, body weight, or cardiovascular and imm...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of endocrinology 2018-01, Vol.2018 (2018), p.1-12
Main Authors: Dupont, Joëlle, Chmielińska, Justyna, Różycka, Marta, Barbe, Alix, Kurowska, Patrycja, Rak-Mardyła, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Amino acids
Apoptosis
Body weight
Cardiovascular disease
Cell growth
Chromosomes
Computer Science
Endocrinology
Females
Homeostasis
Hormones
Insulin resistance
Kinases
Life Sciences
Ligands
Metabolism
Obesity
Ovarian cancer
Peptides
Phosphorylation
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Plasma
Proteins
Review
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Apelin has been isolated from the bovine stomach extracts as an endogenous ligand of the previously orphan receptor APJ. Expression of the apelinergic system (apelin and APJ) was described in many organs where pleiotropic effects like regulation of food intake, body weight, or cardiovascular and immune function were described. Recent studies have shown that apelin also plays an important role in the regulation of female and male reproduction. Some data showed that the gene and protein of apelin/APJ are expressed in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis tissue. Thus, apelin is synthesized locally in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, and testis of many species and has autocrine and/or paracrine effects. Most research indicates that apelin has an inhibitory effect on gonadotropin secretion and participates in the direct regulation of steroidogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in gonads. The article summarizes also results of a series of recent studies on the effect of apelin on reproduction pathology, like polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and ovarian cancer. Many of these pathologies are still in critical need of therapeutic intervention, and recent studies have found that apelin can be targets in reproductive pathological states.
ISSN:1687-8337
1687-8345
DOI:10.1155/2018/9170480