Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Vines: An Opportunity to Achieve a More Sustainable Viticulture

Grapevine ( ) is one of the main fruit crops worldwide. In 2020, the total surface area planted with vines was estimated at 7.3 million hectares. Diverse pathogens affect grapevine yield, fruit, and wine quality of which powdery mildew is the most important disease prior to harvest. Its causal agent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2022-06, Vol.11 (6), p.703
Main Authors: Sosa-Zuniga, Viviana, Vidal Valenzuela, Álvaro, Barba, Paola, Espinoza Cancino, Carmen, Romero-Romero, Jesus L, Arce-Johnson, Patricio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Airborne microorganisms
Apoptosis
Binding sites
Biosynthesis
Contamination
Cultivars
Environmental impact
Enzymes
Erysiphe necator
Food production
Food quality
Fruit crops
Fruits
Fungi
Fungicides
Gene families
Genes
Genetic engineering
grapevine
Grapevines
Health problems
Hormones
Infections
Kinases
Metabolism
Metabolites
Pathogens
Pesticides
Phosphorylation
Photosynthesis
Physiology
Plant breeding
Powdery mildew
Proteins
Ren
resistance genes
Review
Ripening
Run
Sustainability
Sustainable practices
Transpiration
Vines
Viticulture
Vitis vinifera
Wine
Wines
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Summary:Grapevine ( ) is one of the main fruit crops worldwide. In 2020, the total surface area planted with vines was estimated at 7.3 million hectares. Diverse pathogens affect grapevine yield, fruit, and wine quality of which powdery mildew is the most important disease prior to harvest. Its causal agent is the biotrophic fungus , which generates a decrease in cluster weight, delays fruit ripening, and reduces photosynthetic and transpiration rates. In addition, powdery mildew induces metabolic reprogramming in its host, affecting primary metabolism. Most commercial grapevine cultivars are highly susceptible to powdery mildew; consequently, large quantities of fungicide are applied during the productive season. However, pesticides are associated with health problems, negative environmental impacts, and high costs for farmers. In paralleled, consumers are demanding more sustainable practices during food production. Therefore, new grapevine cultivars with genetic resistance to powdery mildew are needed for sustainable viticulture, while maintaining yield, fruit, and wine quality. Two main gene families confer resistance to powdery mildew in the Vitaceae, (Resistance to ) and (Resistance to ). This article reviews the powdery mildew resistance genes and loci and their use in grapevine breeding programs.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens11060703