Presenting a new scheme for developing a distribution system restoration using online islanding method in the presence of dispatchable and non‐dispatchable DGRs and energy storages

• Published in: Journal of engineering (Stevenage, England) England), 2023-06, Vol.2023 (6), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Yeganehkia, Mohammad Hassan, Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi, Abedi, Mehrdad, Shojaeian, Shahrokh, Dowlatshahi, Milad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Cost function; Distributed generation; distribution networks; Electric power systems; Electrical loads; Electricity distribution; Energy distribution; energy management systems; Energy storage; Linear programming; Literature reviews; Load shedding; Optimization; power system restoration; Self-efficacy; Service restoration; Switches
• ISSN: 2051-3305; 2051-3305
• DOI: 10.1049/tje2.12279

This paper proposes a two‐layer method for restoring service. Firstly, a new strategy is used to obtain binary variables relating to closed switches and tie switches. In addition, after the fault occurs it is also possible to obtain optimal islands online. Secondly, a non‐linear model is solved to optimally determine the islands created in the first step, in which distributed generation resources (DGRs), energy storages (ESs) and load shedding (LSH) are reprogrammed. When LSH is performed, the sensitive loads must experience the least amount of outage possible. Therefore, the loads are categorized into residential, industrial, and sensitive categories. In order to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, a modified IEEE 33‐bus system is simulated. In simulations, the proposed strategy has been compared with one of the important existing methods. Based on these results, the proposed method can reduce the cost function by modifying the critical load less than other methods. In this method, the critical LSH is 220 kW, which is 105 kW less than the compared method. By reducing the amount of load, 46,000 dollars have been saved in system expenses. The results confirm that the proposed strategy is considerably superior to the existing method. Here, a two‐layer method is proposed for service restoration. The optimal islands are obtained online after the fault. In the second step, the continuous variables, including reprogramming the distributed generation resources (DGR), storages, and amount of load shedding in the optimal island or islands that have been created in the first layer, are solved by a non‐linear model. In a fault event, to establish the power equilibrium, reprogramming the generation resources (GRs) and storage must be associated with the load shedding in the system. The load shedding must be done in such a way that the sensitive load undergoes minimum outage. Thus the loads are prioritized by placing the loads into three residential, industrial, and sensitive categories.