Uncovering the Mechanisms: The Role of Biotrophic Fungi in Activating or Suppressing Plant Defense Responses

This paper discusses the mechanisms by which fungi manipulate plant physiology and suppress plant defense responses by producing effectors that can target various host proteins. Effector-triggered immunity and effector-triggered susceptibility are pivotal elements in the complex molecular dialogue u...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of fungi (Basel) 2024-09, Vol.10 (9), p.635
Main Authors: Leiva-Mora, Michel, Capdesuñer, Yanelis, Villalobos-Olivera, Ariel, Moya-Jiménez, Roberto, Saa, Luis Rodrigo, Martínez-Montero, Marcos Edel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abscisic acid
biotrophic fungi
Cell death
Defense industry
Defense mechanisms
effectors
Enzymes
ethylene
Fungi
Hormones
Host plants
Immunity (Disease)
Infections
Jasmonic acid
Kinases
Pathogens
Pattern recognition receptors
Physiological aspects
plant defense responses
Plant diseases
Plant physiology
Proteins
Review
Salicylic acid
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Summary:This paper discusses the mechanisms by which fungi manipulate plant physiology and suppress plant defense responses by producing effectors that can target various host proteins. Effector-triggered immunity and effector-triggered susceptibility are pivotal elements in the complex molecular dialogue underlying plant-pathogen interactions. Pathogen-produced effector molecules possess the ability to mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns or hinder the binding of pattern recognition receptors. Effectors can directly target nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat receptors, or manipulate downstream signaling components to suppress plant defense. Interactions between these effectors and receptor-like kinases in host plants are critical in this process. Biotrophic fungi adeptly exploit the signaling networks of key plant hormones, including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene, to establish a compatible interaction with their plant hosts. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of understanding the complex interplay between plant defense mechanisms and fungal effectors to develop effective strategies for plant disease management.
ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof10090635