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Simultaneous allergen inactivation and detoxification of castor bean cake by treatment with calcium compounds
Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil...
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Published in: | Brazilian journal of medical and biological research 2012-11, Vol.45 (11), p.1002-1010 |
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container_title | Brazilian journal of medical and biological research |
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creator | Fernandes, K V Deus-de-Oliveira, N Godoy, M G Guimarães, Z A S Nascimento, V V Melo, E J T de Freire, D M G Dansa-Petretski, M Machado, O L T |
description | Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product cannot be used as animal feed due to the presence of toxic (ricin) and allergenic (2S albumin) proteins. Here, we propose two processes for detoxification and allergen inactivation of the castor cake. In addition, we establish a biological test to detect ricin and validate these detoxification processes. In this test, Vero cells were treated with ricin, and cell death was assessed by cell counting and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity. The limit of detection of the Vero cell assay was 10 ng/mL using a concentration of 1.6 x 10(5) cells/well. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with calcium compounds were used as cake detoxification processes. For SSF, Aspergillus niger was grown using a castor cake as a substrate, and this cake was analyzed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of SSF. Ricin was eliminated after 24 h of SSF treatment. The cake was treated with 4 or 8% Ca(OH)2 or CaO, and both the toxicity and the allergenic properties were entirely abolished. A by-product free of toxicity and allergens was obtained. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1590/S0100-879X2012007500132 |
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Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product cannot be used as animal feed due to the presence of toxic (ricin) and allergenic (2S albumin) proteins. Here, we propose two processes for detoxification and allergen inactivation of the castor cake. In addition, we establish a biological test to detect ricin and validate these detoxification processes. In this test, Vero cells were treated with ricin, and cell death was assessed by cell counting and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity. The limit of detection of the Vero cell assay was 10 ng/mL using a concentration of 1.6 x 10(5) cells/well. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with calcium compounds were used as cake detoxification processes. For SSF, Aspergillus niger was grown using a castor cake as a substrate, and this cake was analyzed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of SSF. Ricin was eliminated after 24 h of SSF treatment. The cake was treated with 4 or 8% Ca(OH)2 or CaO, and both the toxicity and the allergenic properties were entirely abolished. A by-product free of toxicity and allergens was obtained.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0100-879X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1414-431X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1414-431X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0100-879X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1590/S0100-879X2012007500132</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22911344</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical</publisher><subject>2S albumin ; 2S Albumins, Plant - isolation & purification ; 2S Albumins, Plant - toxicity ; Allergens - drug effects ; Allergens - toxicity ; Animals ; Aspergillus niger ; Aspergillus niger - drug effects ; Aspergillus niger - growth & development ; Biodiesel fuel ; BIOLOGY ; Calcium Compounds - pharmacology ; Cell Death - drug effects ; Cell Degranulation - drug effects ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Enzyme Activation ; Fermentation ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - metabolism ; Mast Cells - drug effects ; MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL ; Ricin ; Ricin - isolation & purification ; Ricin - toxicity ; Ricinus communis ; Ricinus communis - drug effects ; Ricinus communis - toxicity ; Short Communication ; Solid-state fermentation ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests ; Vero cell ; Vero Cells</subject><ispartof>Brazilian journal of medical and biological research, 2012-11, Vol.45 (11), p.1002-1010</ispartof><rights>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c555t-6471369e12b810e52ba5a1006d870ba490be7be0cf44c787f059eac053e71e383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c555t-6471369e12b810e52ba5a1006d870ba490be7be0cf44c787f059eac053e71e383</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,24150,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22911344$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, K V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deus-de-Oliveira, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Godoy, M G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guimarães, Z A S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nascimento, V V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melo, E J T de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freire, D M G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dansa-Petretski, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado, O L T</creatorcontrib><title>Simultaneous allergen inactivation and detoxification of castor bean cake by treatment with calcium compounds</title><title>Brazilian journal of medical and biological research</title><addtitle>Braz J Med Biol Res</addtitle><description>Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product cannot be used as animal feed due to the presence of toxic (ricin) and allergenic (2S albumin) proteins. Here, we propose two processes for detoxification and allergen inactivation of the castor cake. In addition, we establish a biological test to detect ricin and validate these detoxification processes. In this test, Vero cells were treated with ricin, and cell death was assessed by cell counting and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity. The limit of detection of the Vero cell assay was 10 ng/mL using a concentration of 1.6 x 10(5) cells/well. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with calcium compounds were used as cake detoxification processes. For SSF, Aspergillus niger was grown using a castor cake as a substrate, and this cake was analyzed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of SSF. Ricin was eliminated after 24 h of SSF treatment. The cake was treated with 4 or 8% Ca(OH)2 or CaO, and both the toxicity and the allergenic properties were entirely abolished. A by-product free of toxicity and allergens was obtained.</description><subject>2S albumin</subject><subject>2S Albumins, Plant - isolation & purification</subject><subject>2S Albumins, Plant - toxicity</subject><subject>Allergens - drug effects</subject><subject>Allergens - toxicity</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aspergillus niger</subject><subject>Aspergillus niger - drug effects</subject><subject>Aspergillus niger - growth & development</subject><subject>Biodiesel fuel</subject><subject>BIOLOGY</subject><subject>Calcium Compounds - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cell Death - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Degranulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Chlorocebus aethiops</subject><subject>Enzyme Activation</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Inactivation, Metabolic</subject><subject>L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - metabolism</subject><subject>Mast Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL</subject><subject>Ricin</subject><subject>Ricin - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Ricin - toxicity</subject><subject>Ricinus communis</subject><subject>Ricinus communis - drug effects</subject><subject>Ricinus communis - toxicity</subject><subject>Short Communication</subject><subject>Solid-state fermentation</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><subject>Vero cell</subject><subject>Vero Cells</subject><issn>0100-879X</issn><issn>1414-431X</issn><issn>1414-431X</issn><issn>0100-879X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNplUsFu1DAQjRCILoVfgBy5pIxjexNfkFBVoFIlDgWpN8t2Jlsvjr3YTqF_j7dZFipOtsfz3rx5M1X1hsAZ4QLeXQMBaPpO3LRAWoCOAxDaPqlWhBHWMEpunlarY9JJ9SKlLUDLgZHn1UnbCkIoY6tqurbT7LLyGOZUK-cwbtDX1iuT7Z3KNvha-aEeMIdfdrRmCYWxNirlEGuNypf7d6z1fZ0jqjyhz_VPm29L2Bk7T7UJ0y7Mfkgvq2ejcglfHc7T6tvHi6_nn5urL58uzz9cNYZznps16whdCySt7gkgb7XiqvSyHvoOtGICNHYawYyMma7vRuAClQFOsSNIe3paXS68Q1BbuYt2UvFeBmXlQyDEjVQxW-NQwsBMi0LgWhRDQOlh0IIVL3U3kgGwcJ0tXMlYdEFuwxx9ES8fZiD_zoCUZ7G4AN4vgN2sJxxMsSMq90jF4x9vb-Um3Enac0b4Xv3bA0EMP2ZMWU42GXRumZIkjPecllL7Wt2SamJIKeJ4LENA7jflP5WHTSnI1_-qPOL-rAb9DUoLuag</recordid><startdate>20121101</startdate><enddate>20121101</enddate><creator>Fernandes, K V</creator><creator>Deus-de-Oliveira, N</creator><creator>Godoy, M G</creator><creator>Guimarães, Z A S</creator><creator>Nascimento, V V</creator><creator>Melo, E J T de</creator><creator>Freire, D M G</creator><creator>Dansa-Petretski, M</creator><creator>Machado, O L T</creator><general>Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical</general><general>Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>GPN</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121101</creationdate><title>Simultaneous allergen inactivation and detoxification of castor bean cake by treatment with calcium compounds</title><author>Fernandes, K V ; Deus-de-Oliveira, N ; Godoy, M G ; Guimarães, Z A S ; Nascimento, V V ; Melo, E J T de ; Freire, D M G ; Dansa-Petretski, M ; Machado, O L T</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c555t-6471369e12b810e52ba5a1006d870ba490be7be0cf44c787f059eac053e71e383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>2S albumin</topic><topic>2S Albumins, Plant - isolation & purification</topic><topic>2S Albumins, Plant - toxicity</topic><topic>Allergens - drug effects</topic><topic>Allergens - toxicity</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aspergillus niger</topic><topic>Aspergillus niger - drug effects</topic><topic>Aspergillus niger - growth & development</topic><topic>Biodiesel fuel</topic><topic>BIOLOGY</topic><topic>Calcium Compounds - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cell Death - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Degranulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Chlorocebus aethiops</topic><topic>Enzyme Activation</topic><topic>Fermentation</topic><topic>Inactivation, Metabolic</topic><topic>L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - metabolism</topic><topic>Mast Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL</topic><topic>Ricin</topic><topic>Ricin - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Ricin - toxicity</topic><topic>Ricinus communis</topic><topic>Ricinus communis - drug effects</topic><topic>Ricinus communis - toxicity</topic><topic>Short Communication</topic><topic>Solid-state fermentation</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Toxicity Tests</topic><topic>Vero cell</topic><topic>Vero Cells</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, K V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deus-de-Oliveira, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Godoy, M G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guimarães, Z A S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nascimento, V V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melo, E J T de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freire, D M G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dansa-Petretski, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado, O L T</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>SciELO</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Brazilian journal of medical and biological research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fernandes, K V</au><au>Deus-de-Oliveira, N</au><au>Godoy, M G</au><au>Guimarães, Z A S</au><au>Nascimento, V V</au><au>Melo, E J T de</au><au>Freire, D M G</au><au>Dansa-Petretski, M</au><au>Machado, O L T</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Simultaneous allergen inactivation and detoxification of castor bean cake by treatment with calcium compounds</atitle><jtitle>Brazilian journal of medical and biological research</jtitle><addtitle>Braz J Med Biol Res</addtitle><date>2012-11-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1002</spage><epage>1010</epage><pages>1002-1010</pages><issn>0100-879X</issn><issn>1414-431X</issn><eissn>1414-431X</eissn><eissn>0100-879X</eissn><abstract>Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product cannot be used as animal feed due to the presence of toxic (ricin) and allergenic (2S albumin) proteins. Here, we propose two processes for detoxification and allergen inactivation of the castor cake. In addition, we establish a biological test to detect ricin and validate these detoxification processes. In this test, Vero cells were treated with ricin, and cell death was assessed by cell counting and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity. The limit of detection of the Vero cell assay was 10 ng/mL using a concentration of 1.6 x 10(5) cells/well. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with calcium compounds were used as cake detoxification processes. For SSF, Aspergillus niger was grown using a castor cake as a substrate, and this cake was analyzed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of SSF. Ricin was eliminated after 24 h of SSF treatment. The cake was treated with 4 or 8% Ca(OH)2 or CaO, and both the toxicity and the allergenic properties were entirely abolished. A by-product free of toxicity and allergens was obtained.</abstract><cop>Brazil</cop><pub>Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical</pub><pmid>22911344</pmid><doi>10.1590/S0100-879X2012007500132</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | 2S albumin 2S Albumins, Plant - isolation & purification 2S Albumins, Plant - toxicity Allergens - drug effects Allergens - toxicity Animals Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger - drug effects Aspergillus niger - growth & development Biodiesel fuel BIOLOGY Calcium Compounds - pharmacology Cell Death - drug effects Cell Degranulation - drug effects Chlorocebus aethiops Enzyme Activation Fermentation Inactivation, Metabolic L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - metabolism Mast Cells - drug effects MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Ricin Ricin - isolation & purification Ricin - toxicity Ricinus communis Ricinus communis - drug effects Ricinus communis - toxicity Short Communication Solid-state fermentation Time Factors Toxicity Tests Vero cell Vero Cells |
title | Simultaneous allergen inactivation and detoxification of castor bean cake by treatment with calcium compounds |
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