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Effects of Exogenous Trans-Zeatin and Lovastatin on Abortion of Small Seeds in ‘Dawuxing’ Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.)
The small seeds of loquat possess very rich and diverse genetic characteristics which can potentially serve as precious resources for plant breeding. However, they are often aborted during the seed development. Cytokinin, as an important signaling mediator, plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed de...
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Published in: | Agriculture (Basel) 2021-05, Vol.11 (5), p.409 |
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description | The small seeds of loquat possess very rich and diverse genetic characteristics which can potentially serve as precious resources for plant breeding. However, they are often aborted during the seed development. Cytokinin, as an important signaling mediator, plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed development. However, the effects of exogenous cytokinin application on the development of loquat seeds are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the potential effects of exogenous cytokinin on the abortion of small seeds of loquat. Cytokinin (20 mg/L trans-zeatin) and cytokinin inhibitor (60 mg/L lovastatin) were sprayed on the fruits of ‘Dawuxing’ loquat during an early stage of fruit expansion. The clean water treatment was used as the control group. The results showed that exogenous trans-zeatin significantly increased the weight of small seeds, the levels of soluble sugar and starch, as well as peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. It also promoted a substantial increase in the expression of POD- and SOD-related genes during the process of small seed abortion. Moreover, trans-zeatin treatment significantly increased the content of endogenous trans-zeatin in the small seeds, and this increase in content showed a trend opposite to that of control (CKA). Cytokinin dehydrogenase related genes were found to be down-regulated after trans-zeatin treatment. It was found that exogenous cytokinin inhibitor (lovastatin) treatment could induce the anti-stress reaction in the small seeds during the early stage of treatment by significantly increasing the activities of POD and SOD, and the weight of small seeds at the early stage of treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, but reverted to the level of the control group during the late stage of the treatment. Therefore, a specific concentration of trans-zeatin treatment can promote the development of small loquat seeds, while cytokinin inhibitor (lovastatin) can significantly inhibit the development of small seeds during the early stage of treatment. In summary, this study reports for the first time that application of exogenous trans-zeatin could effectively promote the development of small loquat seeds by significantly increasing the metabolism of small seeds. The small seeds which contained rich and diverse genetic characteristics often aborted during seed development. Our study thus established a foundation for the rescue of new germplasm resources of loquat by prom |
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However, they are often aborted during the seed development. Cytokinin, as an important signaling mediator, plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed development. However, the effects of exogenous cytokinin application on the development of loquat seeds are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the potential effects of exogenous cytokinin on the abortion of small seeds of loquat. Cytokinin (20 mg/L trans-zeatin) and cytokinin inhibitor (60 mg/L lovastatin) were sprayed on the fruits of ‘Dawuxing’ loquat during an early stage of fruit expansion. The clean water treatment was used as the control group. The results showed that exogenous trans-zeatin significantly increased the weight of small seeds, the levels of soluble sugar and starch, as well as peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. It also promoted a substantial increase in the expression of POD- and SOD-related genes during the process of small seed abortion. Moreover, trans-zeatin treatment significantly increased the content of endogenous trans-zeatin in the small seeds, and this increase in content showed a trend opposite to that of control (CKA). Cytokinin dehydrogenase related genes were found to be down-regulated after trans-zeatin treatment. It was found that exogenous cytokinin inhibitor (lovastatin) treatment could induce the anti-stress reaction in the small seeds during the early stage of treatment by significantly increasing the activities of POD and SOD, and the weight of small seeds at the early stage of treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, but reverted to the level of the control group during the late stage of the treatment. Therefore, a specific concentration of trans-zeatin treatment can promote the development of small loquat seeds, while cytokinin inhibitor (lovastatin) can significantly inhibit the development of small seeds during the early stage of treatment. In summary, this study reports for the first time that application of exogenous trans-zeatin could effectively promote the development of small loquat seeds by significantly increasing the metabolism of small seeds. The small seeds which contained rich and diverse genetic characteristics often aborted during seed development. Our study thus established a foundation for the rescue of new germplasm resources of loquat by promoting the development of small loquat seeds.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2077-0472</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2077-0472</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11050409</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Abortion ; Calibration ; Cell division ; Cytokinins ; Embryos ; exogenous trans-zeatin ; Fruits ; Genes ; Genetic diversity ; Germplasm ; Hormones ; loquat ; Lovastatin ; Metabolism ; Peroxidase ; Plant breeding ; Reagents ; Seeds ; small seeds ; Starch ; Sucrose ; Superoxide dismutase ; Water treatment ; Weight ; Zeatin</subject><ispartof>Agriculture (Basel), 2021-05, Vol.11 (5), p.409</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c388t-ebbe146900940c0997960cf8a8779a1b7c075ba83c7a07a37c4c13f0fe27ab5e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c388t-ebbe146900940c0997960cf8a8779a1b7c075ba83c7a07a37c4c13f0fe27ab5e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6305-6552</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2531354756/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2531354756?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,25734,27905,27906,36993,44571,74875</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yong-Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Qun-Xian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhi-Wu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Cui-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chi, Zhuo-Heng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wen, Lu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yun-Miao</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Exogenous Trans-Zeatin and Lovastatin on Abortion of Small Seeds in ‘Dawuxing’ Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.)</title><title>Agriculture (Basel)</title><description>The small seeds of loquat possess very rich and diverse genetic characteristics which can potentially serve as precious resources for plant breeding. However, they are often aborted during the seed development. Cytokinin, as an important signaling mediator, plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed development. However, the effects of exogenous cytokinin application on the development of loquat seeds are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the potential effects of exogenous cytokinin on the abortion of small seeds of loquat. Cytokinin (20 mg/L trans-zeatin) and cytokinin inhibitor (60 mg/L lovastatin) were sprayed on the fruits of ‘Dawuxing’ loquat during an early stage of fruit expansion. The clean water treatment was used as the control group. The results showed that exogenous trans-zeatin significantly increased the weight of small seeds, the levels of soluble sugar and starch, as well as peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. It also promoted a substantial increase in the expression of POD- and SOD-related genes during the process of small seed abortion. Moreover, trans-zeatin treatment significantly increased the content of endogenous trans-zeatin in the small seeds, and this increase in content showed a trend opposite to that of control (CKA). Cytokinin dehydrogenase related genes were found to be down-regulated after trans-zeatin treatment. It was found that exogenous cytokinin inhibitor (lovastatin) treatment could induce the anti-stress reaction in the small seeds during the early stage of treatment by significantly increasing the activities of POD and SOD, and the weight of small seeds at the early stage of treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, but reverted to the level of the control group during the late stage of the treatment. Therefore, a specific concentration of trans-zeatin treatment can promote the development of small loquat seeds, while cytokinin inhibitor (lovastatin) can significantly inhibit the development of small seeds during the early stage of treatment. In summary, this study reports for the first time that application of exogenous trans-zeatin could effectively promote the development of small loquat seeds by significantly increasing the metabolism of small seeds. The small seeds which contained rich and diverse genetic characteristics often aborted during seed development. Our study thus established a foundation for the rescue of new germplasm resources of loquat by promoting the development of small loquat seeds.</description><subject>Abortion</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Cytokinins</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>exogenous trans-zeatin</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Germplasm</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>loquat</subject><subject>Lovastatin</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Peroxidase</subject><subject>Plant breeding</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>small seeds</subject><subject>Starch</subject><subject>Sucrose</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>Weight</subject><subject>Zeatin</subject><issn>2077-0472</issn><issn>2077-0472</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUc1O3DAQjqpWKqI8ARdLvZRD6DhO4viIYFtAK3EALlyssWOvvAr21nZauNG3oK_Hk9SwFeqBuczv981fVe1TOGRMwFdcRafnKc_RUAodtCDeVTsNcF5Dy5v3_9kfq72U1lBEUDZAv1P9XlhrdE4kWLK4Cyvjw5zIVUSf6huD2XmCfiTL8BNTfnGDJ0cqxOyKUUCXtzhN5NKYMZGSfXp4PMFf853zq6eHPwX3Y8ZMviyiCyrkeI_kHDfBO41k6fw4HR58qj5YnJLZ-6d3q-tvi6vj03p58f3s-GhZazYMuTZKGdr2oozeggYhuOhB2wEHzgVSxTXwTuHANEfgyLhuNWUWrGk4qs6w3epsyzsGXMtNdLcY72VAJ18CIa4klq30ZCSMvRJ0KMelojWNGVTPoEMFdhQttWPh-rzl2sSyoElZrsMcfRlfNh2jrGt515cqtq3SMaQUjX3tSkE-v06-8Tr2F-W5kTA</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Zhang, Hui</creator><creator>Wang, Yong-Qing</creator><creator>Deng, Qun-Xian</creator><creator>Yang, Zhi-Wu</creator><creator>Pan, Cui-Ping</creator><creator>Chi, Zhuo-Heng</creator><creator>Wen, Lu</creator><creator>Yang, Yun-Miao</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-6552</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Effects of Exogenous Trans-Zeatin and Lovastatin on Abortion of Small Seeds in ‘Dawuxing’ Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.)</title><author>Zhang, Hui ; Wang, Yong-Qing ; Deng, Qun-Xian ; Yang, Zhi-Wu ; Pan, Cui-Ping ; Chi, Zhuo-Heng ; Wen, Lu ; Yang, Yun-Miao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c388t-ebbe146900940c0997960cf8a8779a1b7c075ba83c7a07a37c4c13f0fe27ab5e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Abortion</topic><topic>Calibration</topic><topic>Cell division</topic><topic>Cytokinins</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>exogenous trans-zeatin</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Germplasm</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>loquat</topic><topic>Lovastatin</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Peroxidase</topic><topic>Plant breeding</topic><topic>Reagents</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>small seeds</topic><topic>Starch</topic><topic>Sucrose</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>Weight</topic><topic>Zeatin</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yong-Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Qun-Xian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhi-Wu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Cui-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chi, Zhuo-Heng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wen, Lu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yun-Miao</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Agriculture (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Hui</au><au>Wang, Yong-Qing</au><au>Deng, Qun-Xian</au><au>Yang, Zhi-Wu</au><au>Pan, Cui-Ping</au><au>Chi, Zhuo-Heng</au><au>Wen, Lu</au><au>Yang, Yun-Miao</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Exogenous Trans-Zeatin and Lovastatin on Abortion of Small Seeds in ‘Dawuxing’ Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.)</atitle><jtitle>Agriculture (Basel)</jtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>409</spage><pages>409-</pages><issn>2077-0472</issn><eissn>2077-0472</eissn><abstract>The small seeds of loquat possess very rich and diverse genetic characteristics which can potentially serve as precious resources for plant breeding. However, they are often aborted during the seed development. Cytokinin, as an important signaling mediator, plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed development. However, the effects of exogenous cytokinin application on the development of loquat seeds are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the potential effects of exogenous cytokinin on the abortion of small seeds of loquat. Cytokinin (20 mg/L trans-zeatin) and cytokinin inhibitor (60 mg/L lovastatin) were sprayed on the fruits of ‘Dawuxing’ loquat during an early stage of fruit expansion. The clean water treatment was used as the control group. The results showed that exogenous trans-zeatin significantly increased the weight of small seeds, the levels of soluble sugar and starch, as well as peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. It also promoted a substantial increase in the expression of POD- and SOD-related genes during the process of small seed abortion. Moreover, trans-zeatin treatment significantly increased the content of endogenous trans-zeatin in the small seeds, and this increase in content showed a trend opposite to that of control (CKA). Cytokinin dehydrogenase related genes were found to be down-regulated after trans-zeatin treatment. It was found that exogenous cytokinin inhibitor (lovastatin) treatment could induce the anti-stress reaction in the small seeds during the early stage of treatment by significantly increasing the activities of POD and SOD, and the weight of small seeds at the early stage of treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, but reverted to the level of the control group during the late stage of the treatment. Therefore, a specific concentration of trans-zeatin treatment can promote the development of small loquat seeds, while cytokinin inhibitor (lovastatin) can significantly inhibit the development of small seeds during the early stage of treatment. In summary, this study reports for the first time that application of exogenous trans-zeatin could effectively promote the development of small loquat seeds by significantly increasing the metabolism of small seeds. The small seeds which contained rich and diverse genetic characteristics often aborted during seed development. Our study thus established a foundation for the rescue of new germplasm resources of loquat by promoting the development of small loquat seeds.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/agriculture11050409</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-6552</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Abortion Calibration Cell division Cytokinins Embryos exogenous trans-zeatin Fruits Genes Genetic diversity Germplasm Hormones loquat Lovastatin Metabolism Peroxidase Plant breeding Reagents Seeds small seeds Starch Sucrose Superoxide dismutase Water treatment Weight Zeatin |
title | Effects of Exogenous Trans-Zeatin and Lovastatin on Abortion of Small Seeds in ‘Dawuxing’ Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) |
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