The Role of the Heterogeneous Catalyst to Produce Solketal from Biodiesel Waste: The Key to Achieve Efficiency

• Published in: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-05, Vol.14 (10), p.828
• Main Authors: Dias, Catarina N, Viana, Alexandre M, Cunha-Silva, Luís, Balula, Salete S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acetalization; Acidity; Additives; Analysis; Biodiesel fuels; Biofuels; Biorefineries; Carbon; Catalysts; Chemical processes; Circular economy; Cosmetics; Diesel; Efficiency; Emissions; Energy consumption; Energy resources; Fatty acids; Fossil fuels; Fuel additives; Glycerin; Glycerol; Greenhouse gases; heterogeneous catalysts; Identification and classification; Influence; Methods; Oxidation; Pharmaceuticals; Polymers; solketal; Sulfur; Sustainability; Toxicity; Viscosity
• ISSN: 2079-4991; 2079-4991
• DOI: 10.3390/nano14100828

The valorization of the large amount of crude glycerol formed from the biodiesel industry is of primordial necessity. One possible direction with high interest to the biorefinery sector is the production of fuel additives such as solketal, through the acetalization of glycerol with acetone. This is a chemical process that conciliates high sustainability and economic interest, since solketal contributes to the fulfillment of a Circular Economy Model through its use in biodiesel blends. The key to guarantee high efficiency and high sustainability for solketal production is the use of recovery and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts. Reported works indicate that high yields are attributed to catalyst acidity, mainly the ones containing Brönsted acidic sites. On the other hand, the catalyst stability and its recycling capacity are completely dependent of the support material and the acidic sites incorporation methodology. This review intends to conciliate the information spread on this topic and indicate the most assertive strategies to achieve high solketal production in short reaction time during various reaction cycles.