Bacterial and Viral Coinfections with the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus

The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years old. Notably, hRSV infections can give way to pneumonia and predispose to other respiratory complications later in life, such as asthma. Even though the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2021-06, Vol.9 (6), p.1293
Main Authors: Pacheco, Gaspar A., Gálvez, Nicolás M. S., Soto, Jorge A., Andrade, Catalina A., Kalergis, Alexis M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asthma
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
coinfection
Cystic fibrosis
Disease
Epidemiology
Genomes
hMPV
HPIV
hRSV
hRV
IAV
Influenza A
Klebsiella
Metabolism
Monoclonal antibodies
Parainfluenza
Pathogens
Pneumonia
Proteins
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory tract
Respiratory tract diseases
Review
Rhinovirus
RNA polymerase
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Staphylococcus infections
Streptococcus infections
Viral infections
Viruses
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Summary:The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years old. Notably, hRSV infections can give way to pneumonia and predispose to other respiratory complications later in life, such as asthma. Even though the social and economic burden associated with hRSV infections is tremendous, there are no approved vaccines to date to prevent the disease caused by this pathogen. Recently, coinfections and superinfections have turned into an active field of study, and interactions between many viral and bacterial pathogens have been studied. hRSV is not an exception since polymicrobial infections involving this virus are common, especially when illness has evolved into pneumonia. Here, we review the epidemiology and recent findings regarding the main polymicrobial infections involving hRSV and several prevalent bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, human rhinoviruses, influenza A virus, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza viruses. As reports of most polymicrobial infections involving hRSV lack a molecular basis explaining the interaction between hRSV and these pathogens, we believe this review article can serve as a starting point to interesting and very much needed research in this area.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms9061293