Natural Taxanes: From Plant Composition to Human Pharmacology and Toxicity

Biologically active taxanes, present in small- to medium-sized evergreen conifers of various species, are widely used for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, but mostly for their antitumour effects used in the treatment of solid tumours of the breast, ovary, lung, bladder...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-12, Vol.23 (24), p.15619
Main Authors: Nižnanský, Ľuboš, Osinová, Denisa, Kuruc, Roman, Hengerics Szabó, Alexandra, Szórádová, Andrea, Masár, Marián, Nižnanská, Žofia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Biological activity
Chemical compounds
Chemotherapy
Conifers
Female
Health services
Humans
Inflammation
Ingestion
Intoxication
Male
Melanoma
Natural products
natural taxanes
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neurotoxicity
Paclitaxel
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology
plant composition
Plant extracts
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Prostate
Respiratory system
Review
Solid tumors
Taxanes
Taxoids - pharmacology
Taxus
Toxicity
Trees
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Summary:Biologically active taxanes, present in small- to medium-sized evergreen conifers of various species, are widely used for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, but mostly for their antitumour effects used in the treatment of solid tumours of the breast, ovary, lung, bladder, prostate, oesophagus and melanoma. More of the substances found in plant extracts have medical potential. Therefore, at the beginning of this review, we describe the methods of isolation, identification and determination of taxanes in different plant parts. One of the most important taxanes is paclitaxel, for which we summarize the pharmacokinetic parameters of its different formulations. We also describe toxicological risks during clinical therapy such as hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, haematological, skin and renal toxicity and toxicity to the respiratory system. Since the effect of the drug-form PTX is enhanced by various spp. extracts, we summarize published clinical intoxications and all fatal poisonings for the plant. This showed that, despite their significant use in anticancer treatment, attention should also be focused on the risk of fatal intoxication due to ingestion of extracts from these plants, which are commonly found in our surroundings.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms232415619