Inflammatory responses to dietary and surgical weight loss in male and female mice

• Published in: Biology of sex differences 2019-04, Vol.10 (1), p.16-16, Article 16
• Main Authors: Griffin, Cameron, Hutch, Chelsea R, Abrishami, Simin, Stelmak, Daria, Eter, Leila, Li, Ziru, Chang, Eric, Agarwal, Devyani, Zamarron, Brian, Varghese, Mita, Subbaiah, Perla, MacDougald, Ormond A, Sandoval, Darleen A, Singer, Kanakadurga
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipocytes; Adipose tissue; Adiposity; Animals; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body weight loss; Bone marrow; Care and treatment; Chemokines; Chimeras; Complications and side effects; Decision making; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Diet, Reducing; Female; Females; Flow cytometry; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal surgery; Gender differences; Health; Health aspects; High fat diet; House mouse; Immune response; Immunoglobulins; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Laboratory animals; Leukocytes - immunology; Liver - immunology; Macrophage; Macrophages; Male; Males; Metabolism; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myelopoiesis; Nutrition research; Obesity; Obesity - blood; Obesity - diet therapy; Obesity - surgery; Rodents; Sex Characteristics; Sex differences; Surgery; Weight control; Weight Loss; Women
• ISSN: 2042-6410; 2042-6410
• DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0229-7

Weight loss by surgery or lifestyle changes is strongly recommended for obese individuals to improve metabolic health, but the underlying impairments that persist from a history of obesity remain unclear. Recent investigations demonstrate a persistent inflammatory state with weight loss and bariatric surgery, but the mechanism and impact are not fully understood. Additionally, these studies have not been performed in females although women are the majority of individuals undergoing weight loss interventions. The goal of this study was to determine the sex differences in metabolically induced inflammation after dietary weight loss (WL) or bariatric surgery. Following a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, C57Bl/6j mice underwent either a dietary switch to normal chow for WL or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and were evaluated 8 weeks after intervention. WL effects on myelopoiesis were further evaluated with bone marrow chimeras. Both sexes had a decrease in adiposity and total weight following WL or VSG intervention. With HFD, females had very little inflammation and no further increase with WL, but males had persistent inflammation even after WL despite metabolic improvement. Interestingly, after VSG, myeloid inflammation was increased in the livers of males and to a lesser extent in females. These studies demonstrate that regardless of sex, it is critical to assess an individuals' history of obesity rather than just rely on current weight status in medical decision-making. There are long-lasting effects on tissue inflammation in both sexes especially with surgical weight loss. Dietary change is overall most effective to improve meta-inflammation in obese males on its own or in combination with surgical weight loss.