Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain)

Temperature and conductivity fluctuations caused by the hydrothermal emissions released during the degasification stage of the Tagoro submarine volcano (Canary Islands, Spain) have been analysed as a robust proxy for characterising and forecasting the activity of the system. A total of 21 conductivi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geosciences (Basel) 2021-09, Vol.11 (9), p.374
Main Authors: Olivé Abelló, Anna, Vinha, Beatriz, Machín, Francisco, Zerbetto, Francesco, Bakalis, Evangelos, Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic environment
Conductivity
CTD observations
Degassing
Earth science
Emissions
Fluctuations
generalised moments method
Hydrothermal fields
Hydrothermal springs
Hydrothermal vents
Islands
Open systems
Random processes
Random variables
Seawater
Sensors
Stochastic models
stochastic processes
Stochasticity
Submarine volcanoes
Tagoro submarine volcano
Temperature
Time series
Variance analysis
Vents
Volcanic activity
Volcanic craters
Volcanoes
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Summary:Temperature and conductivity fluctuations caused by the hydrothermal emissions released during the degasification stage of the Tagoro submarine volcano (Canary Islands, Spain) have been analysed as a robust proxy for characterising and forecasting the activity of the system. A total of 21 conductivity-temperature-depth time series were gathered on a regular high-resolution grid over the main crater of Tagoro volcano. Temperature and conductivity time series, as manifestations of stochastic events, were investigated in terms of variance and analysed by the Generalised Moments Method (GMM). GMM provides the statistical moments, the structure functions of a process whose shape is an indicator of the underlying stochastic mechanisms and the state of activity of the submarine volcano. Our findings confirm an active hydrothermal process in the submarine volcano with a sub-normal behaviour resulting from anti-persistent fluctuations in time. Its hydrothermal emissions are classified as multifractal processes whose structure functions present a crossover between two time scales. In the shorter time scale, findings point to the multiplicative action of two random processes, hydrothermal vents, which carries those fluctuations driving the circulation over the crater, and the overlying aquatic environment. Given that both temperature and conductivity fluctuations are nonstationary, Tagoro submarine volcano can be characterised as an open system exchanging energy to its surroundings.
ISSN:2076-3263
2076-3263
DOI:10.3390/geosciences11090374