Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Published in: The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology 2020-06, Vol.2020 (2020), p.1-11
• Main Authors: Kong, Ziyuan, Sun, Yuxia, Sun, Fangyuan, Xu, Kailiang, Chen, Gang, Fang, Bangjiang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Bias; Care and treatment; Chronic infection; Clinical medicine; Colonization; Critical care; Demographic aspects; Diagnosis; Dosage and administration; Drug resistance; Drug resistance in microorganisms; E coli; Emergency medical care; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Health aspects; Hospital utilization; Hospitals; Infection; Infectious diseases; Length of stay; Liver diseases; Lung diseases; Mechanical ventilation; Medical research; Medical treatment; Medicine; Medicine, Experimental; Meta-analysis; Methicillin; Mortality; Multidrug resistance; Multidrug resistant organisms; Neurological diseases; Ostomy; Pathogens; Patients; Pneumonia; Prevention; Quality assessment; Quality control; Researchers; Resistance factors; Respiratory tract; Respiratory tract diseases; Respiratory tract infection; Respiratory tract infections; Review; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Staphylococcus infections; Statistical analysis; Studies; Systematic review; Tracheostomy; Ventilation; Ventilators
• ISSN: 1712-9532; 1918-1493
• DOI: 10.1155/2020/7268519

Background. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) with high mortality. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with MDR by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. PubMed, EMBASE (via Ovid), and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies on the risk factors for MDR bacteria in LRTIs as of November 30, 2019. Literature screening, data abstraction, and quality assessment of the eligible studies were performed independently by two researchers. Results. A total of 3,607 articles were retrieved, of which 21 articles representing 20 cohort studies published in English were included after title/abstract and full-text screening. Among the 21 articles involving 7,650 patients and 1,360 MDR organisms, ten reported the risk factors for MDR Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), ten for MDR GNB, and one for MDR GPB. The meta-analysis results suggested that prior antibiotic treatment, inappropriate antibiotic therapy, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease and cerebral disease, prior MDR and PA infection/colonization, recent hospitalization, longer hospitalization stay, endotracheal tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation, tube feeding, nursing home residence, and higher disease severity score were independent risk factors for MDR bacteria. Conclusions. This review identified fourteen clinical factors that might increase the risk of MDR bacteria in patients with LRTIs. Clinicians could take into account these factors when selecting antibiotics for patients and determine whether coverage for MDR bacteria is required. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm the various risk factors for MDR bacteria in the future.