Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching

• Published in: Earth system dynamics 2015-11, Vol.6 (2), p.745-768
• Main Authors: Olin, S, Lindeskog, M, Pugh, T. A. M, Schurgers, G, Wårlind, D, Mishurov, M, Zaehle, S, Stocker, B. D, Smith, B, Arneth, A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural ecology; Agricultural ecosystems; Agricultural land; Agricultural practices; Agricultural production; Agroecosystems; Aquatic ecosystems; Biogeochemical cycle; Biogeochemical cycles; Biogeochemistry; Carbon; Carbon capture and storage; Carbon sequestration; Climate; Climate and land use; Climate change; Climate change scenarios; Comparative analysis; Computer simulation; Cover crops; Crop management; Crop production; Crop yield; Crops; Dynamics; Earth; Earth and Related Environmental Sciences; Ecosystem services; Ecosystems; Emissions; Environment models; Environmental changes; Environmental Sciences; Evaluation; Fluxes; Future climates; Geochemistry; Geokemi; Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap; Interactions; Land use; Leaching; Management; Miljövetenskap; Modelling; Natural Sciences; Naturvetenskap; Nitrogen; No-tillage; Productivity; Regional analysis; Simulators; Soil; Soil carbon; Soil dynamics; Soil fertility; Soils; Stocks; Tradeoffs
• ISSN: 2190-4987; 2190-4979; 2190-4987
• DOI: 10.5194/esd-6-745-2015

Croplands are vital ecosystems for human well-being and provide important ecosystem services such as crop yields, retention of nitrogen and carbon storage. On large (regional to global)-scale levels, assessment of how these different services will vary in space and time, especially in response to cropland management, are scarce. We explore cropland management alternatives and the effect these can have on future C and N pools and fluxes using the land-use-enabled dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). Simulated crop production, cropland carbon storage, carbon sequestration and nitrogen leaching from croplands are evaluated and discussed. Compared to the version of LPJ-GUESS that does not include land-use dynamics, estimates of soil carbon stocks and nitrogen leaching from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems were improved. Our model experiments allow us to investigate trade-offs between these ecosystem services that can be provided from agricultural fields. These trade-offs are evaluated for current land use and climate and further explored for future conditions within the two future climate change scenarios, RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6 and 8.5. Our results show that the potential for carbon sequestration due to typical cropland management practices such as no-till management and cover crops proposed in previous studies is not realised, globally or over larger climatic regions. Our results highlight important considerations to be made when modelling C–N interactions in agricultural ecosystems under future environmental change and the effects these have on terrestrial biogeochemical cycles.