Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview

The global emergence of Plasmodium vivax strains resistant to chloroquine (CQ) since the late 1980s is complicating the current international efforts for malaria control and elimination. Furthermore, CQ-resistant vivax malaria has already reached an alarming prevalence in Indonesia, East Timor and P...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2014-08, Vol.109 (5), p.534-539
Main Authors: Gonçalves, Lígia Antunes, Cravo, Pedro, Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
chloroquine
Latin America
PARASITOLOGY
Plasmodium vivax
resistance
TROPICAL MEDICINE
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Summary:The global emergence of Plasmodium vivax strains resistant to chloroquine (CQ) since the late 1980s is complicating the current international efforts for malaria control and elimination. Furthermore, CQ-resistant vivax malaria has already reached an alarming prevalence in Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. More recently, in vivo studies have documented CQ-resistant P. vivax infections in Guyana, Peru and Brazil. Here, we summarise the available data on CQ resistance across P. vivax-endemic areas of Latin America by combining published in vivo and in vitro studies. We also review the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of CQ resistance in P. vivax and the prospects for developing and standardising reliable molecular markers of drug resistance. Finally, we discuss how the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network, an international collaborative effort involving malaria experts from all continents, might contribute to the current regional efforts to map CQ-resistant vivax malaria in South America.
ISSN:1678-8060
0074-0276
1678-8060
0074-0276
DOI:10.1590/0074-0276130579