Lipid‐Laden Macrophage Index as a Diagnostic Tool for Pediatric Aspiration: A Systematic Review

Objective Lipid‐laden macrophage index (LLMI) has been proposed as a marker for aspiration on bronchoalveolar lavage. It has also been studied as a marker for gastroesophageal reflux and other pulmonary diseases. This review aims to determine the clinical correlation between LLMI and pediatric aspir...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:OTO open : the official open access journal of the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2023-01, Vol.7 (1), p.e33-n/a
Main Authors: Lawlor, Claire M., Choi, Sukgi S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aspiration
bronchoalveolar lavage
Children & youth
Data collection
Disease
Food
Gastroesophageal reflux
Hospitals
Lipids
lipid‐laden macrophages
Medical diagnosis
Observational studies
Patients
Pediatrics
Pulmonary aspiration
Systematic review
Systematic Review with or without Meta‐analysis
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Objective Lipid‐laden macrophage index (LLMI) has been proposed as a marker for aspiration on bronchoalveolar lavage. It has also been studied as a marker for gastroesophageal reflux and other pulmonary diseases. This review aims to determine the clinical correlation between LLMI and pediatric aspiration. Data Sources PubMed (MeSH search), Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) portals through December 17th, 2020. Review Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis criteria were followed, and a quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies. Search criteria included all occurrences in the title or of the terms “pulmonary aspiration” and “alveolar macrophages.” Results Five studies describing 720 patients met inclusion, 3 retrospective case‐control studies, and 2 prospective observational studies. Four studies suggested a link between elevated LLMI and aspiration, and 1 found no association. Control groups varied and included healthy nonaspirators to nonaspirators with other pulmonary diseases. Diagnosis of aspiration was not standardized across the studies. Three papers proposed cutoff values for LLMI, all different. Conclusion The existing literature indicates that LLMI is not a sensitive or specific marker for aspiration. Further study is needed to define the utility of LLMI in pediatric aspiration.
ISSN:2473-974X
2473-974X
DOI:10.1002/oto2.33