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Initial growth and development of southern sandbur based on thermal units

Availability of basic information on weed biology is an essential tool for designing integrated management programs for agricultural systems. Thus, this study was carried out in order to calculate the base temperature (Tb) of southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), as well as fit the initial growth a...

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Published in:Planta daninha 2014-06, Vol.32 (2), p.335-343
Main Authors: Machado, E.C.R., Lima, R.S.O., Silva, A.P.P., Marques, B.S., Gonçalves, M.F., Carvalho, S.J.P.
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creator Machado, E.C.R.
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description Availability of basic information on weed biology is an essential tool for designing integrated management programs for agricultural systems. Thus, this study was carried out in order to calculate the base temperature (Tb) of southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), as well as fit the initial growth and development of the species to accumulated thermal units (growing degree days - GDD). For that purpose, experimental populations were sown six times in summer/autumn conditions (decreasing photoperiod) and six times in winter/spring condition (increasing photoperiod). Southern sandbur phenological evaluations were carried out, on alternate days, and total dry matter was measured when plants reached the flowering stage. All the growth and development fits were performed based on thermal units by assessing five base temperatures, as well as the absence of it. Southern sandbur development was best fit with Tb = 12 ºC, with equation y = 0,0993x, where y is the scale of phenological stage and x is the GDD. On average, flowering was reached at 518 GDD. Southern sandbur phenology may be predicted by using mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, adopting Tb = 12 ºC. However, other environmental variables may also interfere with species development, particularly photoperiod. A disponibilidade de informações básicas sobre a biologia de plantas daninhas é uma ferramenta essencial para a elaboração de programas de manejo integrado em sistemas agrícolas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de calcular a temperatura basal (Tb) do capim-carrapicho (Cenchrus echinatus), bem como ajustar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento inicial da espécie às unidades térmicas acumuladas (graus-dia). Para isso, foram realizadas seis semeaduras de populações experimentais em condição de verão/outono (fotoperíodo decrescente) e seis semeaduras em inverno/primavera (fotoperíodo crescente). Foi realizado o acompanhamento da fenologia do capimcarrapicho, em dias alternados, bem como se mensurou a matéria seca total no momento do florescimento das plantas. Todos os ajustes de crescimento e desenvolvimento foram realizados com base em unidades térmicas, avaliando-se cinco temperaturas basais, além da ausência desta. O melhor ajuste para desenvolvimento do capim-carrapicho foi obtido com Tb = 12ºC, com equação y = 0,0993x, em que y diz respeito ao estádio da escala fenológica e x aos graus-dia acumulados. Em média, obteve-se florescimento da espécie com 518 gra
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Thus, this study was carried out in order to calculate the base temperature (Tb) of southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), as well as fit the initial growth and development of the species to accumulated thermal units (growing degree days - GDD). For that purpose, experimental populations were sown six times in summer/autumn conditions (decreasing photoperiod) and six times in winter/spring condition (increasing photoperiod). Southern sandbur phenological evaluations were carried out, on alternate days, and total dry matter was measured when plants reached the flowering stage. All the growth and development fits were performed based on thermal units by assessing five base temperatures, as well as the absence of it. Southern sandbur development was best fit with Tb = 12 ºC, with equation y = 0,0993x, where y is the scale of phenological stage and x is the GDD. On average, flowering was reached at 518 GDD. Southern sandbur phenology may be predicted by using mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, adopting Tb = 12 ºC. However, other environmental variables may also interfere with species development, particularly photoperiod. A disponibilidade de informações básicas sobre a biologia de plantas daninhas é uma ferramenta essencial para a elaboração de programas de manejo integrado em sistemas agrícolas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de calcular a temperatura basal (Tb) do capim-carrapicho (Cenchrus echinatus), bem como ajustar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento inicial da espécie às unidades térmicas acumuladas (graus-dia). Para isso, foram realizadas seis semeaduras de populações experimentais em condição de verão/outono (fotoperíodo decrescente) e seis semeaduras em inverno/primavera (fotoperíodo crescente). Foi realizado o acompanhamento da fenologia do capimcarrapicho, em dias alternados, bem como se mensurou a matéria seca total no momento do florescimento das plantas. Todos os ajustes de crescimento e desenvolvimento foram realizados com base em unidades térmicas, avaliando-se cinco temperaturas basais, além da ausência desta. O melhor ajuste para desenvolvimento do capim-carrapicho foi obtido com Tb = 12ºC, com equação y = 0,0993x, em que y diz respeito ao estádio da escala fenológica e x aos graus-dia acumulados. Em média, obteve-se florescimento da espécie com 518 graus-dia. 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Southern sandbur phenology may be predicted by using mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, adopting Tb = 12 ºC. However, other environmental variables may also interfere with species development, particularly photoperiod. A disponibilidade de informações básicas sobre a biologia de plantas daninhas é uma ferramenta essencial para a elaboração de programas de manejo integrado em sistemas agrícolas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de calcular a temperatura basal (Tb) do capim-carrapicho (Cenchrus echinatus), bem como ajustar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento inicial da espécie às unidades térmicas acumuladas (graus-dia). Para isso, foram realizadas seis semeaduras de populações experimentais em condição de verão/outono (fotoperíodo decrescente) e seis semeaduras em inverno/primavera (fotoperíodo crescente). Foi realizado o acompanhamento da fenologia do capimcarrapicho, em dias alternados, bem como se mensurou a matéria seca total no momento do florescimento das plantas. Todos os ajustes de crescimento e desenvolvimento foram realizados com base em unidades térmicas, avaliando-se cinco temperaturas basais, além da ausência desta. O melhor ajuste para desenvolvimento do capim-carrapicho foi obtido com Tb = 12ºC, com equação y = 0,0993x, em que y diz respeito ao estádio da escala fenológica e x aos graus-dia acumulados. Em média, obteve-se florescimento da espécie com 518 graus-dia. 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Thus, this study was carried out in order to calculate the base temperature (Tb) of southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), as well as fit the initial growth and development of the species to accumulated thermal units (growing degree days - GDD). For that purpose, experimental populations were sown six times in summer/autumn conditions (decreasing photoperiod) and six times in winter/spring condition (increasing photoperiod). Southern sandbur phenological evaluations were carried out, on alternate days, and total dry matter was measured when plants reached the flowering stage. All the growth and development fits were performed based on thermal units by assessing five base temperatures, as well as the absence of it. Southern sandbur development was best fit with Tb = 12 ºC, with equation y = 0,0993x, where y is the scale of phenological stage and x is the GDD. On average, flowering was reached at 518 GDD. Southern sandbur phenology may be predicted by using mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, adopting Tb = 12 ºC. However, other environmental variables may also interfere with species development, particularly photoperiod. A disponibilidade de informações básicas sobre a biologia de plantas daninhas é uma ferramenta essencial para a elaboração de programas de manejo integrado em sistemas agrícolas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de calcular a temperatura basal (Tb) do capim-carrapicho (Cenchrus echinatus), bem como ajustar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento inicial da espécie às unidades térmicas acumuladas (graus-dia). Para isso, foram realizadas seis semeaduras de populações experimentais em condição de verão/outono (fotoperíodo decrescente) e seis semeaduras em inverno/primavera (fotoperíodo crescente). Foi realizado o acompanhamento da fenologia do capimcarrapicho, em dias alternados, bem como se mensurou a matéria seca total no momento do florescimento das plantas. Todos os ajustes de crescimento e desenvolvimento foram realizados com base em unidades térmicas, avaliando-se cinco temperaturas basais, além da ausência desta. O melhor ajuste para desenvolvimento do capim-carrapicho foi obtido com Tb = 12ºC, com equação y = 0,0993x, em que y diz respeito ao estádio da escala fenológica e x aos graus-dia acumulados. Em média, obteve-se florescimento da espécie com 518 graus-dia. Conclui-se que a fenologia do capim-carrapicho pode ser prevista por meio de modelos matemáticos que utilizem unidades térmicas acumuladas, adotando-se temperatura basal de 12ºC, contudo ressalta-se que outras variáveis ambientais também interferem no desenvolvimento da espécie, com potencial destaque para o fotoperíodo.</abstract><pub>Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas</pub><doi>10.1590/S0100-83582014000200011</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects biology
Cenchrus echinatus
growing degree days
modeling
PLANT SCIENCES
weed
title Initial growth and development of southern sandbur based on thermal units
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