Evaluating the Stages of Environmental Pollution and Vital Indicators in the Qayyarah Refinery Area, Mosul, Iraq

• Published in: Nature environment and pollution technology 2024-09, Vol.23 (3), p.1655-1661
• Main Authors: Saeed, Juomana Jabbar, Hasan, Maryam Jasim, Mohammed Ati, Estabraq, Ajmi, Reyam Naji, Latif, Abdalkader Saeed, Rasheed, Hala Ahmed
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytic hierarchy process; Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic environment; Bacteria; Cadmium; Chemical spills; Coliforms; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; Crude oil; environmental pollution, qayyarah refinery area, oil spill, toxic chemicals; Exchanging; Feces; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Hydrochloric acid; Indicators; Laboratories; Lead; Long-term effects; Marine chemistry; Marine ecosystems; Microorganisms; Oil pollution; Oil spills; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Petroleum refineries; Pollutants; Pollution; Polyethylene; Refineries; Sediments; Statistical analysis; Toxicity; Water
• ISSN: 2395-3454; 0972-6268; 2395-3454
• DOI: 10.46488/NEPT.2024.v23i03.036

Oil spills can have varying degrees of impact on the aquatic environment depending on factors such as the type of oil spilled, the volume released, and the ecosystem affected because crude oil and refined petroleum contain harmful substances such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and toxic chemicals. When released into the water, these substances can have immediate and long-term effects on marine life. This research aims to find the factors affecting the degree of pollution from oil spills on the aquatic environment and the areas adjacent to the Qayyarah refinery in northern Iraq. Combines the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the analytical hierarchy process to evaluate the degree of pollution from oil spill incidents in the areas adjacent to the refinery. The statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences and that the value of the correlation coefficient was positive between exchanged cadmium, residual cadmium, exchanged lead, where the lead exchange rate ranged correlation coefficient at a minimum R² 0.674 and a clear increase in the number of bacteria indicating contamination the total number of bacteria coli, fecal coliform bacteria, and fecal strep bacteria (where the numbers of coliform bacteria ranged 102 × 102- (cells/011 mL, and fecal coliform bacteria were between 160 × 102 cells/011 mL. These rates are environmental and vital indicators of the presence of significant levels of organic pollution and evidence of the presence of microorganisms dangerous to the health of residents and living organisms.