Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Shiga toxin-producing (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia (with fragmented red blood cells), low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and acute kidney injury (AKI). It is the major infectious cause of AKI in childre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2022-12, Vol.15 (1), p.10
Main Authors: Liu, Yang, Thaker, Hatim, Wang, Chunyan, Xu, Zhonggao, Dong, Min
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute Kidney Injury - etiology
Anemia
Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antibiotics
Antibodies
Antigens
Apoptosis
Blood pressure
Child
Complement activation
Cytokines
Diagnosis
Diarrhea
E coli
Endothelium
Erythrocytes
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli Infections - complications
Escherichia coli Infections - diagnosis
Escherichia coli Infections - therapy
Feces
Food contamination & poisoning
Genes
Granulocytes
Health services
Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome - diagnosis
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome - therapy
Humans
Hypertension
Infections
Inflammatory bowel disease
Medical treatment
Neurological complications
Pancreatitis
prevention
Review
Shiga toxin
Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli - metabolism
STEC-HUS
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombosis
Toxins
treatment
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Virulence
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Description
Summary:Shiga toxin-producing (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia (with fragmented red blood cells), low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and acute kidney injury (AKI). It is the major infectious cause of AKI in children. In severe cases, neurological complications and even death may occur. Treating STEC-HUS is challenging, as patients often already have organ injuries when they seek medical treatment. Early diagnosis is of great significance for improving prognosis and reducing mortality and sequelae. In this review, we first briefly summarize the diagnostics for STEC-HUS, including history taking, clinical manifestations, fecal and serological detection methods for STEC, and complement activation monitoring. We also summarize preventive and therapeutic strategies for STEC-HUS, such as vaccines, volume expansion, renal replacement therapy (RRT), antibiotics, plasma exchange, antibodies and inhibitors that interfere with receptor binding, and the intracellular trafficking of the Shiga toxin.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins15010010