The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer

The protein ISG15 encoded by interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 is the first identified member of the ubiquitin-like protein family and exists in the form of monomers and conjugated complexes. Like ubiquitin, ISG15 can mediate an ubiquitin-like modification by covalently modifying other proteins, k...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-01, Vol.28 (3), p.1337
Main Authors: Yuan, Yin, Qin, Hai, Li, Huilong, Shi, Wanjin, Bao, Lichen, Xu, Shengtao, Yin, Jun, Zheng, Lufeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Analysis
Autophagy
Breast cancer
Cancer
Care and treatment
Cytokines
Cytokines - metabolism
Diagnosis
DNA repair
Enzymes
Gene expression
Genetic aspects
Humans
Immunoregulation
Interferon
Interferons
ISG15
ISGylation
Kinases
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neutrophils
Phosphorylation
Post-translational modification
Proteins
Review
Tumors
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin - metabolism
ubiquitin-like protein
Ubiquitin-proteasome system
Ubiquitins - genetics
Ubiquitins - metabolism
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Summary:The protein ISG15 encoded by interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 is the first identified member of the ubiquitin-like protein family and exists in the form of monomers and conjugated complexes. Like ubiquitin, ISG15 can mediate an ubiquitin-like modification by covalently modifying other proteins, known as ISGylation. There is growing evidence showing that both the free and conjugated ISG15 are involved in multiple key cellular processes, including autophagy, exosome secretion, DNA repair, immune regulation, and cancer occurrence and progression. In this review, we aim to further clarify the function of ISG15 and ISGylation in cancer, demonstrate the important relationship between ISG15/ISGylation and cancer, and emphasize new insights into the different roles of ISG15/ISGylation in cancer progression. This review may contribute to therapeutic intervention in cancer. However, due to the limitations of current research, the regulation of ISG15/ISGylation on cancer progression is not completely clear, thus further comprehensive and sufficient correlation studies are still needed.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules28031337