Intranasal administration of the chemotherapeutic perillyl alcohol results in selective delivery to the cerebrospinal fluid in rats

Perillyl alcohol (POH) has been extensively studied for the treatment of peripheral and primary brain tumors. The intranasal route of administration has been preferred for dosing POH in early-stage clinical trials associated with promising outcomes in primary brain cancer. However, it is unclear how...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2021-03, Vol.11 (1), p.6351-6351, Article 6351
Main Authors: Nehra, Geetika, Andrews, Shannon, Rettig, Joan, Gould, Michael N., Haag, Jill D., Howard, Steven P., Thorne, Robert G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/154/152
631/378/1341
631/67/1922
Blood-brain barrier
Brain cancer
Brain tumors
Cerebrospinal fluid
Clinical trials
Dosage
High-performance liquid chromatography
Humanities and Social Sciences
Intranasal administration
Liquid chromatography
Metabolites
Mucosa
multidisciplinary
Perillyl alcohol
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Trigeminal nerve
Tumors
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Summary:Perillyl alcohol (POH) has been extensively studied for the treatment of peripheral and primary brain tumors. The intranasal route of administration has been preferred for dosing POH in early-stage clinical trials associated with promising outcomes in primary brain cancer. However, it is unclear how intranasal POH targets brain tumors in these patients. Multiple studies indicate that intranasally applied large molecules may enter the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through direct olfactory and trigeminal nerve-associated pathways originating in the nasal mucosa that bypass the blood–brain barrier. It is unknown whether POH, a small molecule subject to extensive nasal metabolism and systemic absorption, may also undergo direct transport to brain or CSF from the nasal mucosa. Here, we compared CSF and plasma concentrations of POH and its metabolite, perillic acid (PA), following intranasal or intravascular POH application. Samples were collected over 70 min and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Intranasal administration resulted in tenfold higher CSF-to-plasma ratios for POH and tenfold higher CSF levels for PA compared to equal dose intravascular administration. Our preclinical results demonstrate POH undergoes direct transport from the nasal mucosa to the CSF, a finding with potential significance for its efficacy as an intranasal chemotherapeutic for brain cancer.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-85293-4