The Impact of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis in Neurological Disorders

Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a transmembrane chemokine expressed by neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). CX3CL1 signals through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, that is expressed in microglia. Within the CNS, fractalkine acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain injury or...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-10, Vol.9 (10), p.2277
Main Authors: Pawelec, Paulina, Ziemka-Nalecz, Malgorzata, Sypecka, Joanna, Zalewska, Teresa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer’s disease
Angiogenesis
Animal models
Animals
Apoptosis
Brain injury
Central nervous system
cerebral ischemia
Chemokine CX3CL1 - chemistry
Chemokine CX3CL1 - metabolism
Chemokines
Convulsions & seizures
CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 - metabolism
CX3CR1
CX3CR1 protein
Cytokines
Development and progression
Epilepsy
Fractalkine
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Ischemia
Microglia
Models, Biological
Nervous system diseases
Nervous System Diseases - metabolism
Neurodegeneration
neurodegenerative diseases
Neurological diseases
Neurological disorders
Neuronal-glial interactions
Pathogenesis
Physiological aspects
Review
Signal Transduction
Traumatic brain injury
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Description
Summary:Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a transmembrane chemokine expressed by neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). CX3CL1 signals through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, that is expressed in microglia. Within the CNS, fractalkine acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain injury or inflammation. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the roles that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway plays in the neuropathology of a diverse array of brain disorders. However, the reported results have proven controversial, indicating that a disruption of the CX3CL1 axis induces a disease-specific microglial response that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. Therefore, it has become clear that the understanding of neuron-to-glia signals mediated by CX3CL1/CX3CR1 at different stages of diseases could provide new insight into potential therapeutic targets. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the literature on the emerging role of CX3CL1 in animal models of some brain disorders.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells9102277