Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract Improves Learning and Memory by Enhancing Synaptogenesis in Mice Hippocampus

(Jacq.) A.DC. (PG) has long been used as an ingredient of foods and is known to have beneficial effects on cognitive functions as well. The present study examined the effect of each PG extract (PGE) from root, aerial part, and seeds on cognitive functions in mice. Changes in spatial learning and mem...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2017-07, Vol.9 (7), p.794
Main Authors: Kim, Jin-Il, Jeon, Seong Gak, Kim, Kyoung Ah, Kim, Jwa-Jin, Song, Eun Ji, Jeon, Yukyoung, Kim, Eunbin, Lee, Kyung Bok, Kwak, Jong Hwan, Moon, Minho
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activation
Animals
Axonogenesis
Bioactive compounds
Cell Survival - drug effects
cognition
Cognitive ability
Hippocampus
Hippocampus - drug effects
Hippocampus - metabolism
Immunological memory
Kinases
Learning - drug effects
Male
Memory - drug effects
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
neuritogenesis
Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis - drug effects
PC12 Cells
Phosphorylation
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plant Roots - chemistry
platycodin D
Platycodon - chemistry
Platycodon grandiflorus
Rats
Seeds
Signal transduction
Spatial discrimination learning
Spatial memory
Spontaneous alternation
Synaptogenesis
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Summary:(Jacq.) A.DC. (PG) has long been used as an ingredient of foods and is known to have beneficial effects on cognitive functions as well. The present study examined the effect of each PG extract (PGE) from root, aerial part, and seeds on cognitive functions in mice. Changes in spatial learning and memory using a Y-maze test, and markers of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis were examined. Moreover, changes in neuritogenesis and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway were investigated. Results indicated that mice administered PGE (root) showed increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. In addition, PGE (root) and platycodin D, the major bioactive compound from the PG root, significantly stimulated neuritic outgrowth by phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vitro. These results indicate that the PGE (root), containing platycodin D, enhances cognitive function through synaptogenesis via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu9070794