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Evaluation of sodium borocaptate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA) as boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy (NCT) of cancer: an update and a guide for the future clinical evaluation of new boron delivery agents for NCT

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when boron‐10, a stable isotope, is irradiated with neutrons of the appropriate energy to produce boron‐11 in an unstable form, which undergoes instantaneous nuclear fiss...

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Published in:Cancer communications (London, England) England), 2024-08, Vol.44 (8), p.893-909
Main Authors: Barth, Rolf F., Gupta, Nilendu, Kawabata, Shinji
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description Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when boron‐10, a stable isotope, is irradiated with neutrons of the appropriate energy to produce boron‐11 in an unstable form, which undergoes instantaneous nuclear fission to produce high‐energy, tumoricidal alpha particles. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an update on the first drug used clinically, sodium borocaptate (BSH), by the Japanese neurosurgeon Hiroshi Hatanaka to treat patients with brain tumors and the second drug, boronophenylalanine (BPA), which first was used clinically by the Japanese dermatologist Yutaka Mishima to treat patients with cutaneous melanomas. Subsequently, BPA has become the primary drug used as a boron delivery agent to treat patients with several types of cancers, specifically brain tumors and recurrent tumors of the head and neck region. The focus of this review will be on the initial studies that were carried out to define the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BSH and BPA and their biodistribution in tumor and normal tissues following administration to patients with high‐grade gliomas and their subsequent clinical use to treat patients with high‐grade gliomas. First, we will summarize the studies that were carried out in Japan with BSH and subsequently at our own institution, The Ohio State University, and those of several other groups. Second, we will describe studies carried out in Japan with BPA and then in the United States that have led to its use as the primary drug that is being used clinically for BNCT. Third, although there have been intense efforts to develop new and better boron delivery agents for BNCT, none of these have yet been evaluated clinically. The present report will provide a guide to the future clinical evaluation of new boron delivery agents prior to their clinical use for BNCT.
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subjects Animals
Borohydrides - chemistry
Boron
Boron Compounds - administration & dosage
Boron Compounds - pharmacokinetics
Boron Compounds - therapeutic use
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy - methods
boronophenylalanine (BPA)
Brain cancer
Brain Neoplasms - drug therapy
Brain Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Brain research
brain tumors
Case reports
Clinical trials
Glioma
head and neck cancer
Histopathology
Humans
Melanoma
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Neutrons
Nuclear reactors
Patients
Phenylalanine - administration & dosage
Phenylalanine - analogs & derivatives
Phenylalanine - pharmacokinetics
Phenylalanine - therapeutic use
Radiation
Review
Sodium
sodium borocaptate (BSH)
Sulfhydryl Compounds - administration & dosage
Sulfhydryl Compounds - therapeutic use
Surgery
Tumors
title Evaluation of sodium borocaptate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA) as boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy (NCT) of cancer: an update and a guide for the future clinical evaluation of new boron delivery agents for NCT
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