Direct reconstruction of isolated XUV or soft x-ray attosecond pulses from high-harmonic generation streaking spectra

Characterization of an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) or soft x-ray (SXR) region is essential for its applications. Here we propose to retrieve an IAP in the time domain directly through the modulation of high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectra in the presence of a t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:New journal of physics 2023-08, Vol.25 (8), p.83003
Main Authors: Wang, Kan, Fu, Yong, Li, Baochang, Tang, Xiangyu, Wang, Bincheng, Guan, Zhong, Lin, C D, Jin, Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Approximation
Attosecond pulses
Bandwidths
extreme ultraviolet or soft x-ray
Harmonic generations
high-harmonic generation
Infrared lasers
infrared or mid-infrared laser
isolated attosecond pulses
Lasers
Methods
Neural networks
NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Optics
Photoelectrons
Physics
Retrieval
retrieval algorithm
Schrodinger equation
Soft x rays
Spectra
Spectrometers
streaking spectra
Time dependence
Time lag
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Summary:Characterization of an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) or soft x-ray (SXR) region is essential for its applications. Here we propose to retrieve an IAP in the time domain directly through the modulation of high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectra in the presence of a time-delayed intense few-cycle infrared or mid-infrared laser. The retrieval algorithm is derived based on the strong-field approximation and an extended quantitative rescattering model. We show that both isolated XUV pulses with a narrow spectral bandwidth and isolated SXR pulses with a broad bandwidth can be well characterized through the HHG streaking spectra. Such an all-optical method for characterizing the IAP differs from the commonly used approach based on the streaked photoelectron spectra that would require electron spectrometers. We check the robustness of the retrieval method by changing the dressing laser or by adjusting the steps of time delay. We also show that the XUV pulse can be accurately retrieved by treating the HHG streaking spectra calculated from solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for single atoms as the ‘experimental’ data.
ISSN:1367-2630
1367-2630
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/ace8b3