Genetic Analysis of HPIV3 That Emerged during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Gwangju, South Korea

Community mitigation measures taken owing to the COVID-19 pandemic have caused a decrease in the number of respiratory viruses, including the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), and a delay in their occurrence. HPIV3 was rarely detected as a consequence of monitoring respiratory viral pathogen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2022-06, Vol.14 (7), p.1446
Main Authors: Lee, Hongsu, Kim, Sun-Hee, Cho, Sun-Ju, Lee, Yeong-Un, Lee, Kwangho, Lee, Yong-Pyo, Seo, Jinjong, Chung, Yoon-Seok
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biotechnology
Collaboration
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Epidemiology
Evolution
Exo-a-sialidase
Genes
Genetic analysis
Genetic diversity
Genomes
Genomics
Glycoproteins
Hemagglutinins
Homology
human parainfluenza virus type 3
Infections
Maximum likelihood method
pandemic
Pandemics
Parainfluenza
Pathogens
Phylogenetics
Proteins
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Strains (organisms)
surveillance
Viruses
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Summary:Community mitigation measures taken owing to the COVID-19 pandemic have caused a decrease in the number of respiratory viruses, including the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), and a delay in their occurrence. HPIV3 was rarely detected as a consequence of monitoring respiratory viral pathogens in Gwangju, Korea, in 2020; however, it resurfaced as a delayed outbreak and peaked in September–October 2021. To understand the genetic characteristics of the reemerging virus, antigenic gene sequences and evolutionary analyses of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) genes were performed for 129 HPIV3 pathogens prevalent in Gwangju from 2018 to 2021. Unlike the prevalence of various HPIV3 strains in 2018-2019, the prevalence of HPIV3 by strains with reduced diversity was confirmed in 2021. It could be inferred that this decrease in genetic diversity was due to the restriction of inflow from other regions at home and abroad following the community mitigation measures and the spread within the region. The HPIV3 that emerged in 2021 consisted of HN coding regions that were 100% consistent with the sequence identified in Saitama, Japan, in 2018, and F coding regions exhibiting 99.6% homology to a sequence identified in India in 2017, among the ranks reported to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The emergence of a new lineage in a community can lead to a mass outbreak by collapsing the collective immunity of the existing acquired area; therefore, continuous monitoring is necessary.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14071446