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Impact of Lyophilized Milk Kefir-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying System on Cognitive Enhancement via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
Chronic inflammatory bowel disorders (IBDs) are characterized by altered intestinal permeability, prompting inflammatory, oxidative stress, and immunological factors. Gut microbiota disorders impact brain function via the bidirectional gut-brain axis, influencing behavior through inflammatory cascad...
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Published in: | Antioxidants 2024-10, Vol.13 (10), p.1205 |
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description | Chronic inflammatory bowel disorders (IBDs) are characterized by altered intestinal permeability, prompting inflammatory, oxidative stress, and immunological factors. Gut microbiota disorders impact brain function via the bidirectional gut-brain axis, influencing behavior through inflammatory cascades, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter levels. This study highlights the potential effect of integrating lyophilized milk kefir alone and lyophilized milk kefir as solid carriers loaded with a self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension (SNESNS) of licorice extract on an induced chronic IBD-like model in rats. Licorice-SNESNS was prepared by the homogenization of 30 mg of licorice extract in 1 g of the selected SNEDDS (30% Caraway oil, 60% Tween 20, and 10% propylene glycol (
/
)). Licorice-SNESNS was mixed with milk kefir and then freeze-dried. Dynamic TEM images and the bimodal particle size curve confirmed the formation of the biphasic nanosystems after dilution (nanoemulsion and nanosuspension). Daily oral administration of lyophilized milk kefir (100 mg/kg) loaded with SNESNS (10 mg/kg Caraway oil and 1 mg/kg licorice) restored normal body weight and intestinal mucosa while significantly reducing submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration in induced rats. Importantly, this treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to lyophilized milk kefir alone by leading to a more significant alleviation of neurotransmitter levels and improved memory functions, thereby addressing gut-brain axis disorders. Additionally, it normalized fecal microbiome constituents, inflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress in examined tissues and serum. Moreover, daily administration of kefir-loaded SNESNS normalized the disease activity index, alleviated histopathological changes induced by IBD induction, and partially restored the normal gut microbiota. These alterations are associated with improved cognitive functions, attributed to the maintenance of normal neurotransmitter levels and the alleviation of triggered inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/antiox13101205 |
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/
)). Licorice-SNESNS was mixed with milk kefir and then freeze-dried. Dynamic TEM images and the bimodal particle size curve confirmed the formation of the biphasic nanosystems after dilution (nanoemulsion and nanosuspension). Daily oral administration of lyophilized milk kefir (100 mg/kg) loaded with SNESNS (10 mg/kg Caraway oil and 1 mg/kg licorice) restored normal body weight and intestinal mucosa while significantly reducing submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration in induced rats. Importantly, this treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to lyophilized milk kefir alone by leading to a more significant alleviation of neurotransmitter levels and improved memory functions, thereby addressing gut-brain axis disorders. Additionally, it normalized fecal microbiome constituents, inflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress in examined tissues and serum. Moreover, daily administration of kefir-loaded SNESNS normalized the disease activity index, alleviated histopathological changes induced by IBD induction, and partially restored the normal gut microbiota. These alterations are associated with improved cognitive functions, attributed to the maintenance of normal neurotransmitter levels and the alleviation of triggered inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2076-3921</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2076-3921</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101205</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39456459</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acids ; Adjuvants ; Antioxidants ; Bacteria ; Bioavailability ; Body weight ; Brain ; Brain research ; Caraway oil ; Cognition ; Cognitive ability ; cognitive decline ; Communication ; Cytokines ; Digestive system ; Disease ; Fermentation ; Gastrointestinal tract ; gut–brain axis disorder ; Health aspects ; Homeostasis ; Immunology ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory bowel disease ; inflammatory bowel disorders ; Intestinal microflora ; Intestine ; Kefir ; Kephir ; licorice extract ; Metabolites ; Microbiomes ; Microbiota ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; Microorganisms ; Milk ; Nanoemulsions ; Nanoparticles ; Nervous system ; Neurotransmitters ; Oral administration ; Oxidative stress ; Physiology ; Probiotics ; Propylene glycol ; self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension ; Solids</subject><ispartof>Antioxidants, 2024-10, Vol.13 (10), p.1205</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-579e91cd9a0872069726aa13c9a0f05df3335c7ad34638092778cb797ccf2bd93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1991-2945 ; 0000-0003-0666-5233 ; 0000-0001-8888-1102</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3120512456/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3120512456?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25751,27922,27923,37010,37011,38514,43893,44588,53789,53791,74182,74896</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39456459$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Anwar, Mai M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boseila, Amira A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mabrouk, Abeer A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdelkhalek, Abdelfattah A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amin, Amr</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of Lyophilized Milk Kefir-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying System on Cognitive Enhancement via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis</title><title>Antioxidants</title><addtitle>Antioxidants (Basel)</addtitle><description>Chronic inflammatory bowel disorders (IBDs) are characterized by altered intestinal permeability, prompting inflammatory, oxidative stress, and immunological factors. Gut microbiota disorders impact brain function via the bidirectional gut-brain axis, influencing behavior through inflammatory cascades, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter levels. This study highlights the potential effect of integrating lyophilized milk kefir alone and lyophilized milk kefir as solid carriers loaded with a self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension (SNESNS) of licorice extract on an induced chronic IBD-like model in rats. Licorice-SNESNS was prepared by the homogenization of 30 mg of licorice extract in 1 g of the selected SNEDDS (30% Caraway oil, 60% Tween 20, and 10% propylene glycol (
/
)). Licorice-SNESNS was mixed with milk kefir and then freeze-dried. Dynamic TEM images and the bimodal particle size curve confirmed the formation of the biphasic nanosystems after dilution (nanoemulsion and nanosuspension). Daily oral administration of lyophilized milk kefir (100 mg/kg) loaded with SNESNS (10 mg/kg Caraway oil and 1 mg/kg licorice) restored normal body weight and intestinal mucosa while significantly reducing submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration in induced rats. Importantly, this treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to lyophilized milk kefir alone by leading to a more significant alleviation of neurotransmitter levels and improved memory functions, thereby addressing gut-brain axis disorders. Additionally, it normalized fecal microbiome constituents, inflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress in examined tissues and serum. Moreover, daily administration of kefir-loaded SNESNS normalized the disease activity index, alleviated histopathological changes induced by IBD induction, and partially restored the normal gut microbiota. These alterations are associated with improved cognitive functions, attributed to the maintenance of normal neurotransmitter levels and the alleviation of triggered inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Adjuvants</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Caraway oil</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>cognitive decline</subject><subject>Communication</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Digestive system</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal tract</subject><subject>gut–brain axis disorder</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammatory bowel disease</subject><subject>inflammatory bowel disorders</subject><subject>Intestinal microflora</subject><subject>Intestine</subject><subject>Kefir</subject><subject>Kephir</subject><subject>licorice extract</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Microbiomes</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Nanoemulsions</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Neurotransmitters</subject><subject>Oral administration</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Probiotics</subject><subject>Propylene glycol</subject><subject>self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension</subject><subject>Solids</subject><issn>2076-3921</issn><issn>2076-3921</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1vEzEQhlcIRKvSK0dkiQuXLf7YXccn1EalRAQ4FM7WxB-Jw64dbG_UIPHfcWgpDap9sDV-5xm9nqmqlwSfMSbwW_DZhRvCCCYUt0-qY4p5VzNBydMH96PqNKU1LksQNsHieXXERNN2TSuOq1-zYQMqo2DRfBc2K9e7n0ajT67_jj4a62J9AakErk1v68_ggxnGPjm7c36JrncpmwEFj6Zh6V12W4Mu_Qq8MoPxGW0doLwyhaZiWLiQob4ac30RwXl0fuPSi-qZhT6Z07vzpPr2_vLr9EM9_3I1m57Pa8UEz3XLhRFEaQF4winuBKcdAGGqBCxutWWMtYqDZk23d0g5n6gFF1wpSxdasJNqdsvVAdZyE90AcScDOPknEOJSQsxO9UYSShkpSbwtNGjIwlqrmTYT0Brbpi2sd7eszbgYjFbFaIT-AHr44t1KLsNWEtLihlNeCG_uCDH8GE3KcnBJmb4Hb8KYZKlPcIebZi99_Z90Hcboy1_tVbgltDTyn2oJxYHzNpTCag-V5xPSsK4hBBfV2SOqsrUZnAq-dLvEH0so3UspGntvkmC5H0B5OIAl4dXDr7mX_x039hu5-9Z9</recordid><startdate>20241007</startdate><enddate>20241007</enddate><creator>Anwar, Mai M</creator><creator>Boseila, Amira A</creator><creator>Mabrouk, Abeer A</creator><creator>Abdelkhalek, Abdelfattah A</creator><creator>Amin, Amr</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-2945</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-5233</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-1102</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241007</creationdate><title>Impact of Lyophilized Milk Kefir-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying System on Cognitive Enhancement via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis</title><author>Anwar, Mai M ; Boseila, Amira A ; Mabrouk, Abeer A ; Abdelkhalek, Abdelfattah A ; Amin, Amr</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-579e91cd9a0872069726aa13c9a0f05df3335c7ad34638092778cb797ccf2bd93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Adjuvants</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Caraway oil</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>cognitive decline</topic><topic>Communication</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Digestive system</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Fermentation</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal tract</topic><topic>gut–brain axis disorder</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammatory bowel disease</topic><topic>inflammatory bowel disorders</topic><topic>Intestinal microflora</topic><topic>Intestine</topic><topic>Kefir</topic><topic>Kephir</topic><topic>licorice extract</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Microbiomes</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Nanoemulsions</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Neurotransmitters</topic><topic>Oral administration</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Probiotics</topic><topic>Propylene glycol</topic><topic>self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension</topic><topic>Solids</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Anwar, Mai M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boseila, Amira A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mabrouk, Abeer A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdelkhalek, Abdelfattah A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amin, Amr</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Antioxidants</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Anwar, Mai M</au><au>Boseila, Amira A</au><au>Mabrouk, Abeer A</au><au>Abdelkhalek, Abdelfattah A</au><au>Amin, Amr</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impact of Lyophilized Milk Kefir-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying System on Cognitive Enhancement via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis</atitle><jtitle>Antioxidants</jtitle><addtitle>Antioxidants (Basel)</addtitle><date>2024-10-07</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1205</spage><pages>1205-</pages><issn>2076-3921</issn><eissn>2076-3921</eissn><abstract>Chronic inflammatory bowel disorders (IBDs) are characterized by altered intestinal permeability, prompting inflammatory, oxidative stress, and immunological factors. Gut microbiota disorders impact brain function via the bidirectional gut-brain axis, influencing behavior through inflammatory cascades, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter levels. This study highlights the potential effect of integrating lyophilized milk kefir alone and lyophilized milk kefir as solid carriers loaded with a self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension (SNESNS) of licorice extract on an induced chronic IBD-like model in rats. Licorice-SNESNS was prepared by the homogenization of 30 mg of licorice extract in 1 g of the selected SNEDDS (30% Caraway oil, 60% Tween 20, and 10% propylene glycol (
/
)). Licorice-SNESNS was mixed with milk kefir and then freeze-dried. Dynamic TEM images and the bimodal particle size curve confirmed the formation of the biphasic nanosystems after dilution (nanoemulsion and nanosuspension). Daily oral administration of lyophilized milk kefir (100 mg/kg) loaded with SNESNS (10 mg/kg Caraway oil and 1 mg/kg licorice) restored normal body weight and intestinal mucosa while significantly reducing submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration in induced rats. Importantly, this treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to lyophilized milk kefir alone by leading to a more significant alleviation of neurotransmitter levels and improved memory functions, thereby addressing gut-brain axis disorders. Additionally, it normalized fecal microbiome constituents, inflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress in examined tissues and serum. Moreover, daily administration of kefir-loaded SNESNS normalized the disease activity index, alleviated histopathological changes induced by IBD induction, and partially restored the normal gut microbiota. These alterations are associated with improved cognitive functions, attributed to the maintenance of normal neurotransmitter levels and the alleviation of triggered inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39456459</pmid><doi>10.3390/antiox13101205</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-2945</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-5233</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-1102</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acids Adjuvants Antioxidants Bacteria Bioavailability Body weight Brain Brain research Caraway oil Cognition Cognitive ability cognitive decline Communication Cytokines Digestive system Disease Fermentation Gastrointestinal tract gut–brain axis disorder Health aspects Homeostasis Immunology Inflammation Inflammatory bowel disease inflammatory bowel disorders Intestinal microflora Intestine Kefir Kephir licorice extract Metabolites Microbiomes Microbiota Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Microorganisms Milk Nanoemulsions Nanoparticles Nervous system Neurotransmitters Oral administration Oxidative stress Physiology Probiotics Propylene glycol self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension Solids |
title | Impact of Lyophilized Milk Kefir-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying System on Cognitive Enhancement via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis |
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