Optimal Agents for Visualizing Collagen Tissue Microarchitecture Using Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT

Micro-computed tomography (microCT) is a common tool for the visualization of the internal composition of organic tissues. Collagen comprises approximately 25-35% of the whole-body protein content in mammals, and the structure and arrangement of collagen fibers contribute significantly to the integr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-12, Vol.16 (12), p.1719
Main Authors: Glancy, Spencer B, Morris, Herman Douglas, Ho, Vincent B, Klarmann, George J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cartilage
Collagen
Connective tissue
contrast agent
Contrast agents
Contrast media
CT imaging
Lugol’s
Methods
MicroCT
phosphotungstic acid
Physiological aspects
Radiation
Scanners
Signal to noise ratio
Structure
Visualization
X-rays
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Summary:Micro-computed tomography (microCT) is a common tool for the visualization of the internal composition of organic tissues. Collagen comprises approximately 25-35% of the whole-body protein content in mammals, and the structure and arrangement of collagen fibers contribute significantly to the integrity of tissues. Collagen type I is also frequently used as a key structural component in tissue-engineered and bioprinted tissues. However, the imaging of collagenous tissues is limited by their inherently low X-ray attenuation, which makes them indistinguishable from most other soft tissues. An imaging contrast agent that selectively alters X-ray attenuation is thus essential to properly visualize collagenous tissue using a standard X-ray tube microCT scanner. This review compares various contrast-enhanced techniques reported in the literature for MicroCT visualization of collagen-based tissues. An ideal microCT contrast agent would meet the following criteria: (1) it diffuses through the tissue quickly; (2) it does not deform or impair the object being imaged; and (3) it provides sufficient image contrast for reliable visualization of the orientation of individual fibers within the collagen network. The relative benefits and disadvantages of each method are discussed. Lugol's solution (I K), phosphotungstic acid (H PW O ), mercury(II) chloride (HgCl ), and Wells-Dawson polyoxometalates came closest to fitting the criteria. While none of the contrast agents discussed in the literature met all criteria, each one has advantages to consider in the context of specific lab capabilities and imaging priorities.
ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph16121719