Osteopontin Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases

Osteopontin (OPN) regulates the immune response at multiple levels. Physiologically, it regulates the host response to infections by driving T helper (Th) polarization and acting on both innate and adaptive immunity; pathologically, it contributes to the development of immune-mediated and inflammato...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of immunology research 2016-01, Vol.2016 (2016), p.1-15
Main Authors: Chiocchetti, Annalisa, Dianzani, Umberto, Dianzani, Chiara, Soluri, Maria Felicia, Favero, Francesco, Boggio, Elena, Cappellano, Giuseppe, Raineri, Davide, Clemente, Nausicaa, Comi, Cristoforo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity - immunology
Animals
Arthritis
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Cell adhesion & migration
Colleges & universities
Cytokines
Disease
Genes
Haplotypes
Humans
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Immunoglobulins
Immunology
Inflammation
Mice
Osteopontin - genetics
Osteopontin - immunology
Osteopontin - metabolism
Phosphorylation
Protein Structure, Secondary
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Proteins
Review
Signal Transduction - immunology
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Summary:Osteopontin (OPN) regulates the immune response at multiple levels. Physiologically, it regulates the host response to infections by driving T helper (Th) polarization and acting on both innate and adaptive immunity; pathologically, it contributes to the development of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. In some cases, the mechanisms of these effects have been described, but many aspects of the OPN function remain elusive. This is in part ascribable to the fact that OPN is a complex molecule with several posttranslational modifications and it may act as either an immobilized protein of the extracellular matrix or a soluble cytokine or an intracytoplasmic molecule by binding to a wide variety of molecules including crystals of calcium phosphate, several cell surface receptors, and intracytoplasmic molecules. This review describes the OPN structure, isoforms, and functions and its role in regulating the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in autoimmune diseases.
ISSN:2314-8861
2314-7156
DOI:10.1155/2016/7675437