3D-Printed EVA Devices for Antiviral Delivery and Herpes Virus Control in Genital Infection

Herpes viruses are widespread in the human population and can cause many different diseases. Genital herpes is common and can increase the risk of HIV infection and neonatal herpes. Acyclovir is the most used drug for herpes treatment; however, it presents some disadvantages due to its poor oral bio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2022-11, Vol.14 (11), p.2501
Main Authors: de Carvalho Rodrigues, Victor, Guterres, Iara Zanella, Savi, Beatriz Pereira, Silva, Izabella Thaís, Fongaro, Gislaine, Salmoria, Gean Vitor
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D printers
3D printing
Acetic acid
Acyclovir
Acyclovir - pharmacology
Acyclovir - therapeutic use
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Antiviral drugs
Bioavailability
Biocompatibility
Cytotoxicity
Design and construction
Dosage and administration
Drug delivery devices
Drug delivery systems
Drug therapy
EVA
Extrusion dies
genital herpes
Genitalia
Herpes genitalis
Herpes simplex
Herpes viruses
HIV
HIV Infections - drug therapy
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Intrauterine devices
IUD
Neonates
Pharmaceutical industry
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Scanning electron microscopy
Simplexvirus
Spectrum analysis
Temperature
Vinyl acetate
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Summary:Herpes viruses are widespread in the human population and can cause many different diseases. Genital herpes is common and can increase the risk of HIV infection and neonatal herpes. Acyclovir is the most used drug for herpes treatment; however, it presents some disadvantages due to its poor oral bioavailability. In this study, some ethylene vinyl acetate devices with different acyclovir amounts (0, 10, and 20 wt.%) were manufactured by fused filament fabrication in two different geometries, an intrauterine device, and an intravaginal ring. Thermal analyses suggested that the crystallinity of EVA decreased up to 8% for the sample loaded with 20 wt.% of acyclovir. DSC, SEM, and FTIR analyses confirmed that the drug was successfully incorporated into the EVA matrix. Moreover, the drug release tests suggested a burst release during the first 24 h followed by a slower release rate sustained up to 80 days. Biological assays showed the biocompatibility of the EVA/ACV device, as well as a 99% reduction in vitro replication of HSV-1. Finally, the EVA presented a suitable performance for 3D printing manufacturing that can contribute to developing personalized solutions for long-term herpes treatment.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14112501