Integration of plant and microbial oil processing at oilcane biorefineries for more sustainable biofuel production

• Published in: Global change biology. Bioenergy 2024-11, Vol.16 (11), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Cortés‐Peña, Yoel R., Woodruff, William, Banerjee, Shivali, Li, Yalin, Singh, Vijay, Rao, Christopher V., Guest, Jeremy S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biodiesel fuels; Biofuels; Biomass; bioproducts; Biorefineries; BioSTEAM; Carbon; Crop production; Crop yield; Diesel; Edible oils; Environmental impact; Equivalence; Fermentation; greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; Greenhouse gases; integrated biorefinery; life cycle assessment (LCA); Microorganisms; Plant layout; Raw materials; Refining; renewable identification number (RIN); Soybeans; Sugarcane; techno‐economic analysis (TEA); triacylglyceride (TAG)
• ISSN: 1757-1693; 1757-1707
• DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.13183

Oilcane—an oil‐accumulating crop engineered from sugarcane—and microbial oil have the potential to improve renewable oil production and help meet the expected demand for bioderived oleochemicals and fuels. To assess the potential synergies of processing both plant and microbial oils, the economic and environmental implications of integrating microbial oil production at oilcane and sugarcane biorefineries were characterized. Due to decreased crop yields that lead to higher simulated feedstock prices and lower biorefinery capacities, current oilcane prototypes result in higher costs and carbon intensities than microbial oil from sugarcane. To inform oilcane feedstock development, we calculated the required biomass yields (as a function of oil content) for oilcane to achieve financial parity with sugarcane. At 10 dw% oil, oilcane can sustain up to 30% less yield than sugarcane and still be more profitable in all simulated scenarios. Assuming continued improvements in microbial oil production from cane juice, achieving this target results in a minimum biodiesel selling price of 1.34 [0.90, 1.85] USD∙L−1 (presented as median [5th, 95th] percentiles), a carbon intensity of 0.51 [0.47, 0.55] kg CO2e L−1, and a total biodiesel yield of 2140 [1870, 2410] L ha−1 year−1. Compared to biofuel production from soybean, this outcome is equivalent to 3.0–3.9 as much biofuel per hectare of land and a 57%–63% reduction in carbon intensity. While only 20% of simulated scenarios fell within the market price range of biodiesel (0.45–1.11 USD∙L−1), if the oilcane biomass yield would improve to 25.6 DMT∙ha−1∙y−1 (an equivalent yield to sugarcane) 87% of evaluated scenarios would have a minimum biodiesel selling price within or below the market price range. A detailed biorefinery model grounded on experimental findings was developed for integrated processing of both oilcane plant and microbial oils to produce biodiesel. Rigorous techno‐economic and life cycle analyses were employed to determine the technological bottlenecks of oilcane and microbial oil production and elucidate critical targets for market competitiveness.