Antibiotic Targets in Gonococcal Cell Wall Metabolism

The peptidoglycan cell wall that encloses the bacterial cell and provides structural support and protection is remodeled by multiple enzymes that synthesize and cleave the polymer during growth. This essential and dynamic structure has been targeted by multiple antibiotics to treat gonococcal infect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antibiotics (Basel) 2018-07, Vol.7 (3), p.64
Main Authors: Pérez Medina, Krizia M, Dillard, Joseph P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Cell division
Cell walls
Drug resistance
E coli
Enzymatic activity
Gonorrhea
Infections
lytic transglycosylase
Metabolism
Mutation
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Penicillin
Peptides
peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycans
Proteins
Review
Target recognition
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Summary:The peptidoglycan cell wall that encloses the bacterial cell and provides structural support and protection is remodeled by multiple enzymes that synthesize and cleave the polymer during growth. This essential and dynamic structure has been targeted by multiple antibiotics to treat gonococcal infections. Up until now, antibiotics have been used against the biosynthetic machinery and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting enzymatic activities involved in peptidoglycan breakdown has not been explored. Given the major antibiotic resistance problems we currently face, it is crucial to identify other possible targets that are key to maintaining cell integrity and contribute to disease development. This article reviews peptidoglycan as an antibiotic target, how has developed resistance to currently available antibiotics, and the potential of continuing to target this essential structure to combat gonococcal infections by attacking alternative enzymatic activities involved in cell wall modification and metabolism.
ISSN:2079-6382
2079-6382
DOI:10.3390/antibiotics7030064