Early Changes in Soil Metabolic Diversity and Bacterial Community Structure in Sugarcane under Two Harvest Management Systems

• Published in: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 2015-06, Vol.39 (3), p.701-713
• Main Authors: Azevedo, Lucas Carvalho Basilio, Morais, Marcio, Lambais, Marcio Rodrigues
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: atividade microbiana; gene 16S rRNA; manejo de colheita; PCR-DGGE; perfil metabólico; SOIL SCIENCE
• ISSN: 0100-0683; 1806-9657; 0100-0683
• DOI: 10.1590/01000683rbcs20140426

Preharvest burning is widely used in Brazil for sugarcane cropping. However, due to environmental restrictions, harvest without burning is becoming the predominant option. Consequently, changes in the microbial community are expected from crop residue accumulation on the soil surface, as well as alterations in soil metabolic diversity as of the first harvest. Because biological properties respond quickly and can be used to monitor environmental changes, we evaluated soil metabolic diversity and bacterial community structure after the first harvest under sugarcane management without burning compared to management with preharvest burning. Soil samples were collected under three sugarcane varieties (SP813250, SP801842 and RB72454) and two harvest management systems (without and with preharvest burning). Microbial biomass C (MBC), carbon (C) substrate utilization profiles, bacterial community structure (based on profiles of 16S rRNA gene amplicons), and soil chemical properties were determined. MBC was not different among the treatments. C-substrate utilization and metabolic diversity were lower in soil without burning, except for the evenness index of C-substrate utilization. Soil samples under the variety SP801842 showed the greatest changes in substrate utilization and metabolic diversity, but showed no differences in bacterial community structure, regardless of the harvest management system. In conclusion, combined analysis of soil chemical and microbiological data can detect early changes in microbial metabolic capacity and diversity, with lower values in management without burning. However, after the first harvest, there were no changes in the soil bacterial community structure detected by PCR-DGGE under the sugarcane variety SP801842. Therefore, the metabolic profile is a more sensitive indicator of early changes in the soil microbial community caused by the harvest management system. A queima da cana-de-açúcar previamente à colheita é amplamente utilizada no Brasil. Entretanto, em razão das restrições ambientais, a colheita sem queima vem ganhando espaço. Consequentemente, espera-se que o acúmulo de resíduos da cultura na superfície do solo altere a comunidade microbiana, iniciando mudanças na diversidade metabólica do solo desde a primeira colheita. Uma vez que os atributos biológicos respondem rapidamente e podem ser úteis para o monitoramento de mudanças ambientais, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças iniciais na diversidade metabólica