Immunogenic Effects of Dietary Terminalia arjuna Bark Powder in Labeo rohita , a Fish Model: Elucidated by an Integrated Biomarker Response Approach

• Published in: Animals (Basel) 2022-12, Vol.13 (1), p.39
• Main Authors: Meena, Dharmendra Kumar, Panda, Soumya Prasad, Sahoo, Amiya Kumar, Srivastava, Prem Prakash, Sahu, Narottam Prasad, Kumari, Mala, Samantaray, Smruti, Borah, Simanku, Das, Basanta Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptive systems; Agricultural wastes; Animal feed; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial resistance; Aquaculture; Bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Bark; Biomarkers; Candidate species; Carp; circular bioeconomy; Densitometers; Densitometry; Economic impact; Feed additives; Fish; Fish feeds; Fishery products; Food additives; Gene expression; green food products; Herbal medicine; Immune system; Immunogenicity; Immunomodulation; Immunomodulators; Industrial wastes; Infections; integrated biomarker response approach; Invertebrates; Labeo rohita; Lymphocyte receptors; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Powder; Security; Signal transduction; Terminalia arjuna; Viral infections
• ISSN: 2076-2615; 2076-2615
• DOI: 10.3390/ani13010039

Utilizing agro-industrial waste and herbal products to create a circular bioeconomy is becoming increasingly popular. is a significant ethnomedicinal plant that has not yet been exploited in animal feed. In the present study, nutritional bark powder-based fish feed was created and supplied to a candidate fish species at varied levels: 0% (0 g/kg), 0.5% (5 g/kg), 1% (10 g/kg), and 1.5% (15 g/kg). These treatment groups are denoted as CT, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Utilizing a contemporary comprehensive biomarker response strategy, the study clarified the genomic influence of dietary herb inclusion. In response to bacterial infection, the immunogenic genes, STAT 1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), ISG 15 (interferon stimulating gene), and Mx "myxovirus resistance gene", were shown to be elevated. The results of densitometry demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in STAT 1 and ISG 15, with Mx exhibiting maximal values at 1 g/kg TABP ( bark powder-based feed). This is the first study to identify TABP as an immunomodulator in fish and established the IBR (Integrated Bio-marker Response) as a reliable marker in evaluating the impact of multiple drivers in a holistic manner. Thus, the present study cleared the path for TABP to be utilized as an effective feed additive which enhances the specific adaptive immune system of the fish for the production of the Green fish product for a sustainable circular bioeconomy.