Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission

The interaction between the immune and endocrine systems has long been recognized in vertebrates. In fish, it is known that the prevalence and intensity of such infections are higher in males than in females and probably related to sex steroid hormone levels. In addition, the immune response in the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fishes 2018-06, Vol.3 (2), p.24-0
Main Authors: Valero, Yulema, Cuesta, Alberto, Cammarata, Matteo, Esteban, María Angeles, Chaves-Pozo, Elena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquaculture
Bass
Biology
Defence mechanisms
disease
Disease transmission
Endocrine system
endocrinology
Estrogens
Fish
Fluids
Gametes
gonad
Gonads
Hormones
Immune response
Immune system
immune-endocrine interaction
Immunity
Infections
Infertility
Marine fishes
maternal transfer
nodavirus
Offspring
Pathogens
Physiology
Progeny
Retina
Sex differences
Shellfish
Spleen
Steroids
Tissue
Viral infections
Viruses
Zebrafish
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Summary:The interaction between the immune and endocrine systems has long been recognized in vertebrates. In fish, it is known that the prevalence and intensity of such infections are higher in males than in females and probably related to sex steroid hormone levels. In addition, the immune response in the fish gonad tissues is specifically regulated to prevent infertility. This condition is used by some pathogens to colonize the fish gonad, evade the systemic immune response, and so spread to the progeny. This review brings up to date our knowledge concerning fish gonad immunity and its regulation, immune-endocrine interactions, and how some pathogens use this tissue to spread to the progeny through vertical transmission. More specifically, we will look at the case of the European sea bass and nodavirus (NNV). Sea bass is a very susceptible fish species to NNV infections, and this virus has been associated to vertical transmission since it is detected in gonad fluids as well as in testicular gametes. In fact, sea bass immunity in the gonad is regulated in a very different way to other target tissues (brain and retina) or immune-relevant tissues (head-kidney or spleen).
ISSN:2410-3888
2410-3888
DOI:10.3390/fishes3020024