Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions

It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial ro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-11, Vol.21 (21), p.8372
Main Authors: Senesi, Pamela, Luzi, Livio, Terruzzi, Ileana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adipokines
Adipokines - metabolism
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Animals
Caloric Restriction
cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Dietary Supplements
Humans
Leptin - metabolism
metabolic syndrome
Mice
Models, Biological
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Myocardium - metabolism
myokines
nutraceuticals
obesity
Obesity - diet therapy
Obesity - etiology
Obesity - metabolism
Peptide Hormones - metabolism
Prebiotics
Probiotics - therapeutic use
Review
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Summary:It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21218372