Anti-Allergic Effects of Fermented Red Ginseng Marc on 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Mice Model

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and allergic skin disease; however, there is no cure for the disease. Red ginseng is well known to have anti-AD potential, while red ginseng marc (RGM) remaining after ginseng extraction is regarded as useless and discarded. However, it has recently been reported...

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Published in:Applied sciences 2022-04, Vol.12 (7), p.3278
Main Authors: Jung, Yeun Soo, Choi, Jae Young, Kwon, Young-Sam, Park, Gyu-Ryeul, Dachuri, VinayKumar, Kim, Young Woo, Ku, Sae-Kwang, Song, Chang-Hyun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
allergy
Antibodies
Antioxidants
Apoptosis
Atopic dermatitis
Collagen
Cytokines
Dermatitis
Dexamethasone
Distilled water
DNCB
Erythema
Fermented food
Gene expression
Ginseng
Histopathology
Immunoglobulin E
Inflammation
Laboratory animals
Lipid peroxidation
Lipids
Lymph nodes
Microorganisms
Panax ginseng
Peroxidation
Polyphenols
Pruritus
red ginseng marc
skin
Skin diseases
Skin lesions
Spleen
Superoxide anions
Thickening
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and allergic skin disease; however, there is no cure for the disease. Red ginseng is well known to have anti-AD potential, while red ginseng marc (RGM) remaining after ginseng extraction is regarded as useless and discarded. However, it has recently been reported that RGM, particularly fermented RGM (fRGM), still contains bioactive properties. Thus, the anti-allergic effects of fRGM were examined in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD-like mice model. The model was topically treated with distilled water (control), dexamethasone, or fRGM for six weeks. Treatments of fRGM alleviated skin lesions and reduced serum IgE levels, compared with the control. The fRGM also reduced skin levels of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion; however, it increased glutathione contents, with downregulated gene expression for inflammatory mediators. Histopathological analyses demonstrated that fRGM suppressed epidermal thickening, collagen deposition, and inflammatory cell and mast cell infiltration, which involved anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Further, fRGM suppressed hypertrophic changes and inflammatory responses in the spleen and lymph nodes. The beneficial effects were observed in the dexamethasone and fRGM groups; however, the antioxidant effects were evident only in the fRGM treatments. These results provide useful information for developing fRGM as a therapeutic source for AD.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app12073278